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Volume 29 Issue 6

Nov.  2012

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2012 >  29(6): 1238-1248

Seasonal Evolution of Dominant Modes in South Pacific SST and Relationship with ENSO

  • 1.

    Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101;Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101, State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101;Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101, No. 94162 Troops of PLA, Xi'an 710614


doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1191-z

  • A season-reliant empirical orthogonal function (S-EOF) analysis was applied to the seasonal mean SST anomalies (SSTAs) based on the HadISST1 dataset with linear trend removed at every grid point in the South Pacific (60.5o--19.5oS, 139.5oE--60.5oW) during the period 1979--2009. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the dominant modes and their relationships with ENSO were analyzed. The results show that there are two seasonally evolving dominant modes of SSTAs in the South Pacific with interannual and interdecadal variations; they account for nearly 40% of the total variance. Although the seasonal evolution of spatial patterns of the first S-EOF mode (S-EOF1) did not show remarkable propagation, it decays with season remarkably. The second S-EOF mode (S-EOF2) showed significant seasonal evolution and intensified with season, with distinct characteristics of eastward propagation of the negative SSTAs in southern New Zealand and positive SSTAs southeast of Australia. Both of these two modes have significant relationships with ENSO. These two modes correspond to the post-ENSO and ENSO turnabout years, respectively. The S-EOF1 mode associated with the decay of the eastern Pacific (EP) and the central Pacific (CP) types of ENSO exhibited a more significant relationship with the EP/CP type of El Nino than that with the EP/CP type of La Nina. The S-EOF2 mode contacted with the EP type of El Nino changing into the EP/CP type of La Nina showed a more significant connection with the EP/CP type of La Nina.
  • [1] LI Gang*, LI Chongyin, TAN Yanke, and BAI Tao, 2014: The Interdecadal Changes of South Pacific Sea Surface Temperature in the Mid-1990s and Their Connections with ENSO, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 66-84.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2280-3
    [2] ZHANG Rong-Hua, ZHENG Fei, PEI Yuhua, ZHENG Quanan, WANG Zhanggui, 2012: Modulation of El Nino-Southern Oscillation by Freshwater Flux and Salinity Variability in the Tropical Pacific, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 647-660.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1235-4
    [3] Li Chongyin, 1988: ACTIONS OF TYPHOONS OVER THE WESTERN PACIFIC (INCLUDING THE SOUTH CHINA SEA) AND EL NINO, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 5, 107-116.  doi: 10.1007/BF02657352
    [4] Chen Lieting, Fan Zhen, 1993: The Southern Oscillation / Northern Oscillation Cycle Associated with Sea Surface Temperature in the Equatorial Pacific, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 10, 353-364.  doi: 10.1007/BF02658141
    [5] Li Chongyin, Li Guilong, 1997: Evolution of Intraseasonal Oscillation over the Tropical Western Pacific / South China Sea and Its Effect to the Summer Precipitation in Southern China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 14, 246-254.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-997-0023-z
    [6] ZHAO Xia, LI Jianping, ZHANG Wenjun, 2012: Summer Persistence Barrier of Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Central Western North Pacific, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 1159-1173.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1253-2
    [7] Yan XIA, Yongyun HU, Jiankai ZHANG, Fei XIE, Wenshou TIAN, 2021: Record Arctic Ozone Loss in Spring 2020 is Likely Caused by North Pacific Warm Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 1723-1736.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0359-9
    [8] Xia ZHAO, Guang YANG, Jing WANG, 2018: Persistence of Summer Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies in the Midlatitude North Pacific and Its Interdecadal Variability, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 868-880.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-017-7184-1
    [9] Tao WANG, Qiang FU, Wenshou TIAN, Hongwen LIU, Yifeng PENG, Fei XIE, Hongying TIAN, Jiali LUO, 2023: The Influence of Meridional Variation in North Pacific Sea Surface Temperature Anomalies on the Arctic Stratospheric Polar Vortex, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 2262-2278.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2033-2
    [10] Li Wei, Yu Rucong, Zhang Xuehong, 2001: Impacts of Sea Surface Temperature in the Tropical Pacific on Interannual Variability of Madden-Julian Oscillation in Precipitation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 429-444.  doi: 10.1007/BF02919322
    [11] Zhang Renhe, Zhao Gang, Tan Yanke, 2001: Meridional Wind Stress Anomalies over Tropical Pacific and the Onset of El Nino. Part Ⅰ: Data Analysis, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 467-480.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0038-9
    [12] BAO Ming, HAN Rongqing, 2009: Delayed Impacts of the El Nino Episodes in the Central Pacific on the Summertime Climate Anomalies of Eastern China in 2003 and 2007, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 553-563.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-0553-7
    [13] LIU Ge, WU Renguang, SUN Shuqing, WANG Huimei, 2015: Synergistic Contribution of Precipitation Anomalies over Northwestern India and the South China Sea to High Temperature over the Yangtze River Valley, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 1255-1265.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-4280-y
    [14] Kui LIU, Lian-Tong ZHOU, Zhibiao WANG, Yong LIU, 2023: Interdecadal Enhancement in the Relationship between the Western North Pacific Summer Monsoon and Sea Surface Temperature in the Tropical Central-Western Pacific after the Early 1990s, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 1766-1782.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-2200-0
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    [20] Xinyi XING, Xianghui FANG, Da PANG, Chaopeng JI, 2024: Seasonal Variation of the Sea Surface Temperature Growth Rate of ENSO, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 41, 465-477.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3005-x
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 November 2012
    Manuscript revised: 10 November 2012
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

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    Seasonal Evolution of Dominant Modes in South Pacific SST and Relationship with ENSO

    • 1. Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101;Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101, State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101;Institute of Meteorology and Oceanography, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101, No. 94162 Troops of PLA, Xi'an 710614
    • Manuscript received: 2012-11-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2012-11-10

    Abstract: A season-reliant empirical orthogonal function (S-EOF) analysis was applied to the seasonal mean SST anomalies (SSTAs) based on the HadISST1 dataset with linear trend removed at every grid point in the South Pacific (60.5o--19.5oS, 139.5oE--60.5oW) during the period 1979--2009. The spatiotemporal characteristics of the dominant modes and their relationships with ENSO were analyzed. The results show that there are two seasonally evolving dominant modes of SSTAs in the South Pacific with interannual and interdecadal variations; they account for nearly 40% of the total variance. Although the seasonal evolution of spatial patterns of the first S-EOF mode (S-EOF1) did not show remarkable propagation, it decays with season remarkably. The second S-EOF mode (S-EOF2) showed significant seasonal evolution and intensified with season, with distinct characteristics of eastward propagation of the negative SSTAs in southern New Zealand and positive SSTAs southeast of Australia. Both of these two modes have significant relationships with ENSO. These two modes correspond to the post-ENSO and ENSO turnabout years, respectively. The S-EOF1 mode associated with the decay of the eastern Pacific (EP) and the central Pacific (CP) types of ENSO exhibited a more significant relationship with the EP/CP type of El Nino than that with the EP/CP type of La Nina. The S-EOF2 mode contacted with the EP type of El Nino changing into the EP/CP type of La Nina showed a more significant connection with the EP/CP type of La Nina.

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