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Volume 30 Issue 1

Jan.  2013

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2013 >  30(1): 153-166

Investigating the Dominant Source for the Generation of Gravity Waves during Indian Summer Monsoon Using Ground-based Measurements

  • 1.

    Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190;Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190


doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-1273-y

  • Over the tropics, convection, wind shear (i.e., vertical and horizontal shear of wind and/or geostrophic adjustment comprising spontaneous imbalance in jet streams) and topography are the major sources for the generation of gravity waves. During the summer monsoon season (June--August) over the Indian subcontinent, convection and wind shear coexist. To determine the dominant source of gravity waves during monsoon season, an experiment was conducted using mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere (MST) radar situated at Gadanki (13.5oN, 79.2oE), a tropical observatory in the southern part of the Indian subcontinent. MST radar was operated continuously for 72 h to capture high-frequency gravity waves. During this time, a radiosonde was released every 6 h in addition to the regular launch (once daily to study low-frequency gravity waves) throughout the season. These two data sets were utilized effectively to characterize the jet stream and the associated gravity waves. Data available from collocated instruments along with satellite-based brightness temperature (TBB) data were utilized to characterize the convection in and around Gadanki. Despite the presence of two major sources of gravity wave generation (i.e., convection and wind shear) during the monsoon season, wind shear (both vertical shear and geostrophic adjustment) contributed the most to the generation of gravity waves on various scales.
  • [1] Yufang TIAN, Daren LÜ, 2017: Comparison of Beijing MST Radar and Radiosonde Horizontal Wind Measurements, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 39-53.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6129-4
    [2] LU Riyu*, DONG Huilin, SU Qin, and Hui DING, 2014: The 30-60-day Intraseasonal Oscillations over the Subtropical Western North Pacific during the Summer of 1998, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 1-7.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3019-x
    [3] Rui YANG, Lingkun RAN, Yuli ZHANG, Yi LIU, 2019: Analysis and Simulation of the Stratospheric Quasi-zero Wind Layer over Korla, Xinjiang Province, China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 1143-1155.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-9045-6
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    [5] Junhong Wang, Harold L. Cole, David J. Carlson, 2001: Water Vapor Variability in the Tropical Western Pacific from 20-year Radiosonde Data, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 752-766.
    [6] Houaria NAMAOUI, Salem KAHLOUCHE, Ahmed Hafid BELBACHIR, Roeland Van MALDEREN, Hugues BRENOT, Eric POTTIAUX, 2017: GPS Water Vapor and Its Comparison with Radiosonde and ERA-Interim Data in Algeria, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 623-634.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6111-1
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    [8] Kazutoshi SATO, Jun INOUE, Akira YAMAZAKI, Naohiko HIRASAWA, Konosuke SUGIURA, Kyohei YAMADA, 2020: Antarctic Radiosonde Observations Reduce Uncertainties and Errors in Reanalyses and Forecasts over the Southern Ocean: An Extreme Cyclone Case, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 431-440.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-8231-x
    [9] Jinqiang ZHANG, Hongbin CHEN, Xiang'ao XIA, Wei-Chyung WANG, 2016: Dynamic and Thermodynamic Features of Low and Middle Clouds Derived from Atmospheric Radiation Measurement Program Mobile Facility Radiosonde Data at Shouxian, China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 21-33.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-5032-8
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    [12] Ren Baohua, Huang Ronghui, 2002: 10-25-Day Intraseasonal Variations of Convection and Circulation Associated with Thermal State of the Western Pacific Warm Pool during Boreal Summer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 321-336.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0025-9
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 January 2013
    Manuscript revised: 10 January 2013
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Investigating the Dominant Source for the Generation of Gravity Waves during Indian Summer Monsoon Using Ground-based Measurements

    • 1. Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190;Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
    • Manuscript received: 2013-01-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2013-01-10

    Abstract: Over the tropics, convection, wind shear (i.e., vertical and horizontal shear of wind and/or geostrophic adjustment comprising spontaneous imbalance in jet streams) and topography are the major sources for the generation of gravity waves. During the summer monsoon season (June--August) over the Indian subcontinent, convection and wind shear coexist. To determine the dominant source of gravity waves during monsoon season, an experiment was conducted using mesosphere-stratosphere-troposphere (MST) radar situated at Gadanki (13.5oN, 79.2oE), a tropical observatory in the southern part of the Indian subcontinent. MST radar was operated continuously for 72 h to capture high-frequency gravity waves. During this time, a radiosonde was released every 6 h in addition to the regular launch (once daily to study low-frequency gravity waves) throughout the season. These two data sets were utilized effectively to characterize the jet stream and the associated gravity waves. Data available from collocated instruments along with satellite-based brightness temperature (TBB) data were utilized to characterize the convection in and around Gadanki. Despite the presence of two major sources of gravity wave generation (i.e., convection and wind shear) during the monsoon season, wind shear (both vertical shear and geostrophic adjustment) contributed the most to the generation of gravity waves on various scales.

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