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Volume 30 Issue 2

Mar.  2013

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Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2013 >  30(2): 468-484

Water Budgets of Tropical Cyclones: Three Case Studies

  • 1.

    Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049;Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190;Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190


doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2050-7

  • In this study, three tropical cyclones (TCs) that passed through the Taiwan Strait were analyzed; our results show that precipitation is not directly related to the intensity of TCs. From the perspective of water budget, moisture flux convergence was dominant and contributed ～70% of the moisture for TC precipitation over the ocean and almost all over the land, especially inside the TC circulation. Their spatial distributions were also similar. Evaporation contributed ～30% of the moisture for precipitation over the ocean but changed little with the time. Moisture flux convergence can be divided into two parts: wind convergence and moisture advection. Moisture flux convergence was mostly due to wind convergence, which was dominant in the southwestern quadrants of the TCs. Moisture advection was located in the northern area, and becomes relatively important when the TCs approached the land. The moisture flux convergence and its two parts varied during TC movement, with strengthening and contraction of moisture convergence present near landfall. The vertical structure of the three TC cases all indicated that the moisture convergence was mainly confined to the lower atmosphere under 800 hPa and a weak divergence region was present in the middle troposphere around 550 hPa.
  • [1] Yunyun LIU, Zeng-Zhen HU, Renguang WU, Xing YUAN, 2022: Causes and Predictability of the 2021 Spring Southwestern China Severe Drought, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 1766-1776.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-1428-4
    [2] Minwei Qian, N. Loglisci, C. Cassardo, A. Longhetto, C. Giraud, 2001: Energy and Water Balance at Soil-Air Interface in a Sahelian Region, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 897-909.
    [3] Hongxiong XU, Dajun ZHAO, 2021: Effect of the Vertical Diffusion of Moisture in the Planetary Boundary Layer on an Idealized Tropical Cyclone, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 1889-1904.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1016-z
    [4] Hongxiong Xu, Dajun Zhao, 2023: Effect of the vertical diffusion of moisture in the planetary boundary layer on an idealized tropical cyclone, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES.  doi: 
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    [6] LIU Ge, WU Renguang, ZHANG Yuanzhi, and NAN Sulan, 2014: The Summer Snow Cover Anomaly over the Tibetan Plateau and Its Association with Simultaneous Precipitation over the Mei-yu-Baiu region, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 755-764.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-3183-z
    [7] Chibuike Chiedozie IBEBUCHI, 2023: Circulation Patterns Linked to the Positive Sub-Tropical Indian Ocean Dipole, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 110-128.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2017-2
    [8] Tian FENG, Fumin REN, Da-Lin ZHANG, Guoping LI, Wenyu QIU, Hui YANG, 2020: Sideswiping Tropical Cyclones and Their Associated Precipitation over China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 707-717.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-9224-5
    [9] Kalim ULLAH, GAO Shouting, 2012: Moisture Transport over the Arabian Sea Associated with Summer Rainfall over Pakistan in 1994 and 2002, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 501-508.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-0200-y
    [10] CHEN Guanghua, 2011: A Comparison of Precipitation Distribution of Two Landfalling Tropical Cyclones during the Extratropical Transition, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 1390-1404.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-0148-y
    [11] Jie JIANG, Yuqing WANG, 2022: The Roles of Barotropic Instability and the Beta Effect in the Eyewall Evolution of Tropical Cyclones, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 1800-1815.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1209-5
    [12] Gudongze LI, Haoming CHEN, Mingyue XU, Chun ZHAO, Lei ZHONG, Rui LI, Yunfei FU, Yanhong GAO, 2022: Impacts of Topographic Complexity on Modeling Moisture Transport and Precipitation over the Tibetan Plateau in Summer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 1151-1166.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-1409-7
    [13] Li Wei, Yu Rucong, Zhang Xuehong, 2001: Impacts of Sea Surface Temperature in the Tropical Pacific on Interannual Variability of Madden-Julian Oscillation in Precipitation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 429-444.  doi: 10.1007/BF02919322
    [14] Xinyu LI, Riyu LU, 2018: Subseasonal Change in the Seesaw Pattern of Precipitation between the Yangtze River Basin and the Tropical Western North Pacific during Summer, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 1231-1242.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-7304-6
    [15] Linjun HAN, Fuzhong WENG, Hao HU, Xiuqing HU, 2024: Cloud-Type-Dependent 1DVAR Algorithm for Retrieving Hydrometeors and Precipitation in Tropical Cyclone Nanmadol from GMI Data, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 41, 407-419.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3084-8
    [16] Jihang LI, Zhiyan ZHANG, Lu LIU, Xubin ZHANG, Jingxuan QU, Qilin WAN, 2021: The Simulation of Five Tropical Cyclones by Sample Optimization of Ensemble Forecasting Based on the Observed Track and Intensity, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 38, 1763-1777.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-0353-2
    [17] Xiaohao QIN, Wansuo DUAN, Pak-Wai CHAN, Boyu CHEN, Kang-Ning HUANG, 2023: Effects of Dropsonde Data in Field Campaigns on Forecasts of Tropical Cyclones over the Western North Pacific in 2020 and the Role of CNOP Sensitivity, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 40, 791-803.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-022-2136-9
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 March 2013
    Manuscript revised: 10 March 2013
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Water Budgets of Tropical Cyclones: Three Case Studies

    • 1. Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049;Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190;Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
    • Manuscript received: 2013-03-10
    • Manuscript revised: 2013-03-10

    Abstract: In this study, three tropical cyclones (TCs) that passed through the Taiwan Strait were analyzed; our results show that precipitation is not directly related to the intensity of TCs. From the perspective of water budget, moisture flux convergence was dominant and contributed ～70% of the moisture for TC precipitation over the ocean and almost all over the land, especially inside the TC circulation. Their spatial distributions were also similar. Evaporation contributed ～30% of the moisture for precipitation over the ocean but changed little with the time. Moisture flux convergence can be divided into two parts: wind convergence and moisture advection. Moisture flux convergence was mostly due to wind convergence, which was dominant in the southwestern quadrants of the TCs. Moisture advection was located in the northern area, and becomes relatively important when the TCs approached the land. The moisture flux convergence and its two parts varied during TC movement, with strengthening and contraction of moisture convergence present near landfall. The vertical structure of the three TC cases all indicated that the moisture convergence was mainly confined to the lower atmosphere under 800 hPa and a weak divergence region was present in the middle troposphere around 550 hPa.

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