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Volume 30 Issue 4

Jul.  2013

Article Contents
Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 2013 >  30(4): 1070-1084

Chemical composition of PM2.5 at an urban site of Chengdu in southwestern China

  • 1.

    South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou  510655;

  • 2.

    Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433;

  • 3.

    Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;

  • 4.

    Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an  710075;

  • 5.

    Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu  610071;

  • 6.

    Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada

Fund Project:

doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2168-7

  • PM2.5 aerosols were sampled in urban Chengdu from April 2009 to January 2010, and their chemical compositions were characterized in detail for elements, water soluble inorganic ions, and carbonaceous matter. The annual average of PM2.5 was 165g m－3, which is generally higher than measurements in other Chinese cities, suggesting serious particulate pollution issues in the city. Water soluble ions contributed 43.5% to the annual total PM2.5 mass, carbonaceous aerosols including elemental carbon and organic carbon contributed 32.0%, and trace elements contributed 13.8%. Distinct daily and seasonal variations were observed in the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and its components, reflecting the seasonal variations of different anthropogenic and natural sources. Weakly acidic to neutral particles were found for PM2.5. Major sources of PM2.5 identified from source apportionment analysis included coal combustion, traffic exhaust, biomass burning, soil dust, and construction dust emissions. The low nitrate: sulfate ratio suggested that stationary emissions were more important than vehicle emissions. The reconstructed masses of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, particulate carbonaceous matter, and fine soil accounted for 79% of the total measured PM2.5 mass; they also accounted for 92% of the total measured particle scattering.
    摘要: PM2.5 aerosols were sampled in urban Chengdu from April 2009 to January 2010, and their chemical compositions were characterized in detail for elements, water soluble inorganic ions, and carbonaceous matter. The annual average of PM2.5 was 165 g m-3, which is generally higher than measurements in other Chinese cities, suggesting serious particulate pollution issues in the city. Water soluble ions contributed 43.5% to the annual total PM2.5 mass, carbonaceous aerosols including elemental carbon and organic carbon contributed 32.0%, and trace elements contributed 13.8%. Distinct daily and seasonal variations were observed in the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and its components, reflecting the seasonal variations of different anthropogenic and natural sources. Weakly acidic to neutral particles were found for PM2.5. Major sources of PM2.5 identified from source apportionment analysis included coal combustion, traffic exhaust, biomass burning, soil dust, and construction dust emissions. The low nitrate: sulfate ratio suggested that stationary emissions were more important than vehicle emissions. The reconstructed masses of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, particulate carbonaceous matter, and fine soil accounted for 79% of the total measured PM2.5 mass; they also accounted for 92% of the total measured particle scattering.
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 30 July 2012
    Manuscript revised: 22 September 2012
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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    Chemical composition of PM2.5 at an urban site of Chengdu in southwestern China

      Corresponding author: CHENG Tiantao; 
    • 1. South China Institute of Environmental Sciences, Ministry of Environmental Protection, Guangzhou  510655;
    • 2. Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention, Department of Environment Science and Engineering, Fudan University, Shanghai 200433;
    • 3. Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;
    • 4. Institute of Earth Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xi’an  710075;
    • 5. Institute of Plateau Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Chengdu  610071;
    • 6. Air Quality Research Division, Science and Technology Branch, Environment Canada, Toronto, Canada
    • Manuscript received: 2012-07-30
    • Manuscript revised: 2012-09-22
    Fund Project:  This study was supported by the Special Scientific Research Funds for Environment Protection Commonweal Section of China (Grant Nos. 201009001), the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2010CB428503), the Knowledge Innovation Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. IAP09320), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41075096 and 40975076), the Research and Development Special Fund for Public Welfare Industry (Meteorology) of the China Meteorological Administration (Grant No. GYHY201006047), the Ministry of Science and Technology of China (Grant No. 2010DFA22770), and the Innovation Method Fund of China (Grant No. 2008IM020500).

    Abstract: PM2.5 aerosols were sampled in urban Chengdu from April 2009 to January 2010, and their chemical compositions were characterized in detail for elements, water soluble inorganic ions, and carbonaceous matter. The annual average of PM2.5 was 165g m－3, which is generally higher than measurements in other Chinese cities, suggesting serious particulate pollution issues in the city. Water soluble ions contributed 43.5% to the annual total PM2.5 mass, carbonaceous aerosols including elemental carbon and organic carbon contributed 32.0%, and trace elements contributed 13.8%. Distinct daily and seasonal variations were observed in the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and its components, reflecting the seasonal variations of different anthropogenic and natural sources. Weakly acidic to neutral particles were found for PM2.5. Major sources of PM2.5 identified from source apportionment analysis included coal combustion, traffic exhaust, biomass burning, soil dust, and construction dust emissions. The low nitrate: sulfate ratio suggested that stationary emissions were more important than vehicle emissions. The reconstructed masses of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, particulate carbonaceous matter, and fine soil accounted for 79% of the total measured PM2.5 mass; they also accounted for 92% of the total measured particle scattering.

    摘要: PM2.5 aerosols were sampled in urban Chengdu from April 2009 to January 2010, and their chemical compositions were characterized in detail for elements, water soluble inorganic ions, and carbonaceous matter. The annual average of PM2.5 was 165 g m-3, which is generally higher than measurements in other Chinese cities, suggesting serious particulate pollution issues in the city. Water soluble ions contributed 43.5% to the annual total PM2.5 mass, carbonaceous aerosols including elemental carbon and organic carbon contributed 32.0%, and trace elements contributed 13.8%. Distinct daily and seasonal variations were observed in the mass concentrations of PM2.5 and its components, reflecting the seasonal variations of different anthropogenic and natural sources. Weakly acidic to neutral particles were found for PM2.5. Major sources of PM2.5 identified from source apportionment analysis included coal combustion, traffic exhaust, biomass burning, soil dust, and construction dust emissions. The low nitrate: sulfate ratio suggested that stationary emissions were more important than vehicle emissions. The reconstructed masses of ammonium sulfate, ammonium nitrate, particulate carbonaceous matter, and fine soil accounted for 79% of the total measured PM2.5 mass; they also accounted for 92% of the total measured particle scattering.

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