Annual Cycle and Interannual Variability in the Tropical Pacific as Simulated by Three Versions of FGOALS

YU Yongqiang; HE Jie; ZHENG Weipeng; and LUAN Yihua

doi:10.1007/s00376-013-2184-2

Impact Factor: 5.8

Volume 30 Issue 3

May 2013

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Article > ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES > 2013 > 30(3): 621-637

Annual Cycle and Interannual Variability in the Tropical Pacific as Simulated by Three Versions of FGOALS

1.
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
2.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2184-2

Abstract
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Abstract:
The seasonal cycle and interannual variability in the tropical oceans simulated by three versions of the Flexible Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS) model (FGOALS-g1.0, FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS-s2), which have participated in phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5), are presented in this paper. The seasonal cycle of SST in the tropical Pacific is realistically reproduced by FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS-s2, while it is poorly simulated in FGOALS-g1.0. Three feedback mechanisms responsible for the SST annual cycle in the eastern Pacific are evaluated. The ocean-atmosphere dynamic feedback, which is successfully reproduced by both FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS-s2, plays a key role in determining the SST annual cycle, while the overestimated stratus cloud-SST feedback amplifies the annual cycle in FGOALS-s2. Because of the serious warm bias existing in FGOALS-g1.0, the ocean-atmosphere dynamic feedback is greatly underestimated in FGOALS-g1.0, in which the SST annual cycle is mainly driven by surface solar radiation. FGOALS-g1.0 simulates much stronger ENSO events than observed, whereas FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS-s2 successfully simulate the observed ENSO amplitude and period and positive asymmetry, but with less strength. Further ENSO feedback analyses suggest that surface solar radiation feedback is principally responsible for the overestimated ENSO amplitude in FGOALS-g1.0. Both FGOALS-g1.0 and FGOALS-s2 can simulate two different types of El Ni?o events with maximum SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific (EP) or in the central Pacific (CP) but FGOALS-g2 is only able to simulate EP El Ni?o, because the negative cloud shortwave forcing feedback by FGOALS-g2 is much stronger than observed in the central Pacific.
- annual cycle, ENSO, coupled GCM, air-sea interaction
References

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Manuscript History

Manuscript received: 26 July 2012

Manuscript revised: 05 November 2012

通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com

1.
沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院沈阳 110142

Annual Cycle and Interannual Variability in the Tropical Pacific as Simulated by Three Versions of FGOALS

Corresponding author: YU Yongqiang;

1. State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
2. University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049

Manuscript received: 2012-07-26
Manuscript revised: 2012-11-05

Abstract: The seasonal cycle and interannual variability in the tropical oceans simulated by three versions of the Flexible Ocean-Atmosphere-Land System (FGOALS) model (FGOALS-g1.0, FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS-s2), which have participated in phases 3 and 5 of the Coupled Model Intercomparison Project (CMIP3 and CMIP5), are presented in this paper. The seasonal cycle of SST in the tropical Pacific is realistically reproduced by FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS-s2, while it is poorly simulated in FGOALS-g1.0. Three feedback mechanisms responsible for the SST annual cycle in the eastern Pacific are evaluated. The ocean-atmosphere dynamic feedback, which is successfully reproduced by both FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS-s2, plays a key role in determining the SST annual cycle, while the overestimated stratus cloud-SST feedback amplifies the annual cycle in FGOALS-s2. Because of the serious warm bias existing in FGOALS-g1.0, the ocean-atmosphere dynamic feedback is greatly underestimated in FGOALS-g1.0, in which the SST annual cycle is mainly driven by surface solar radiation. FGOALS-g1.0 simulates much stronger ENSO events than observed, whereas FGOALS-g2 and FGOALS-s2 successfully simulate the observed ENSO amplitude and period and positive asymmetry, but with less strength. Further ENSO feedback analyses suggest that surface solar radiation feedback is principally responsible for the overestimated ENSO amplitude in FGOALS-g1.0. Both FGOALS-g1.0 and FGOALS-s2 can simulate two different types of El Ni?o events with maximum SST anomalies in the eastern Pacific (EP) or in the central Pacific (CP) but FGOALS-g2 is only able to simulate EP El Ni?o, because the negative cloud shortwave forcing feedback by FGOALS-g2 is much stronger than observed in the central Pacific.

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