Two Types of El Nio-related Southern Oscillation and Their Different Impacts on Global Land Precipitation

XU Kang; ZHU Congwen; HE Jinhai

doi:10.1007/s00376-013-2272-3

Abstract:

The contrast between the eastern and central Pacific (EP- and CP-) El Nio is observed in the different responses of zonal and vertical circulation in the tropics. To measure the different responses of the atmospheric circulation to the two types of El Ni, an eastern and a central Pacific southern oscillation index (EP- and CP-SOI) are defined based on the air-sea coupled relationship between eddy sea level pressure and sea surface temperature. Analyses suggest that while the EP-SOI exhibits variability on an interannual (27-yr) time scale, decadal (1015-yr) variations in the CP-SOI are more dominant; both are strongly coupled with their respective EP- and CP-El Nio patterns. Composite analysis suggests that, during EP-ENSO, the Walker circulation exhibits a dipole structure in the lower-level (850 hPa) and upper-level (200 hPa) velocity potential anomalies and exhibits a signal cell over the Pacific. In the case of CP-ENSO, however, the Walker circulation shows a tripole structure and exhibits double cells over the Pacific. In addition, the two types of ENSO events show opposite impacts on global land precipitation in the boreal winter and spring seasons. For example, seasonal precipitation across mainland China exhibits an opposite relationship with the EP- and CP-ENSO during winter and spring, but the rainfall over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and South China shows an opposite relationship during the rest of the seasons. Therefore, the different relationships between rainfall and EP- and CP-ENSO should be carefully considered when predicting seasonal rainfall in the East Asian monsoon regions.

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Two Types of El Nio-related Southern Oscillation and Their Different Impacts on Global Land Precipitation

1. Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster of Ministry of Education, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044;

2. Institute of Climate Systems, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

Manuscript received: 2012-10-26

Manuscript revised: 2013-01-22

Fund Project: The author acknowledges the anonymous reviewers for their helpful comments and suggestions. This study was jointly supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 41221064), the 973 Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB417403), the Strategic Priority Research Program of the Chinese Academy of Sciences (Grant No. XDA05090408), the key program of the Chinese Academy of Meteorological Science (Grant No. 2010Z003 and 2013Z002), and the Research and Innovation Project for College Graduates of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. CXLX11_0618).

Abstract: The contrast between the eastern and central Pacific (EP- and CP-) El Nio is observed in the different responses of zonal and vertical circulation in the tropics. To measure the different responses of the atmospheric circulation to the two types of El Ni, an eastern and a central Pacific southern oscillation index (EP- and CP-SOI) are defined based on the air-sea coupled relationship between eddy sea level pressure and sea surface temperature. Analyses suggest that while the EP-SOI exhibits variability on an interannual (27-yr) time scale, decadal (1015-yr) variations in the CP-SOI are more dominant; both are strongly coupled with their respective EP- and CP-El Nio patterns. Composite analysis suggests that, during EP-ENSO, the Walker circulation exhibits a dipole structure in the lower-level (850 hPa) and upper-level (200 hPa) velocity potential anomalies and exhibits a signal cell over the Pacific. In the case of CP-ENSO, however, the Walker circulation shows a tripole structure and exhibits double cells over the Pacific. In addition, the two types of ENSO events show opposite impacts on global land precipitation in the boreal winter and spring seasons. For example, seasonal precipitation across mainland China exhibits an opposite relationship with the EP- and CP-ENSO during winter and spring, but the rainfall over the lower reaches of the Yangtze River and South China shows an opposite relationship during the rest of the seasons. Therefore, the different relationships between rainfall and EP- and CP-ENSO should be carefully considered when predicting seasonal rainfall in the East Asian monsoon regions.

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Two Types of El Nio-related Southern Oscillation and Their Different Impacts on Global Land Precipitation

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