Remote Effects of Tropical Cyclone Wind Forcing over the Western Pacific on the Eastern Equatorial Ocean

ZHANG Rong-Hua; PEI Yuhua; CHEN Dake

doi:10.1007/s00376-013-2283-0

Abstract:

An ocean general circulation model (OGCM) is used to demonstrate remote effects of tropical cyclone wind (TCW) forcing in the tropical Pacific. The signature of TCW forcing is explicitly extracted using a locally weighted quadratic least-squares regression (called as LOESS) method from six-hour satellite surface wind data; the extracted TCW component can then be additionally taken into account or not in ocean modeling, allowing isolation of its effects on the ocean in a clean and clear way. In this paper, seasonally varying TCW fields in year 2008 are extracted from satellite data which are prescribed as a repeated annual cycle over the western Pacific regions off the equator (poleward of 10oN/S); two long-term OGCM experiments are performed and compared, one with the TCW forcing part included additionally and the other not. Large, persistent thermal perturbations (cooling in the mixed layer (ML) and warming in the thermocline) are induced locally in the western tropical Pacific, which are seen to spread with the mean ocean circulation pathways around the tropical basin. In particular, a remote ocean response emerges in the eastern equatorial Pacific to the prescribed off-equatorial TCW forcing, characterized by a cooling in the mixed layer and a warming in the thermocline. Heat budget analyses indicate that the vertical mixing is a dominant process responsible for the SST cooling in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Further studies are clearly needed to demonstrate the significance of these results in a coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling context.

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Remote Effects of Tropical Cyclone Wind Forcing over the Western Pacific on the Eastern Equatorial Ocean

Corresponding author: ZHANG Rong-Hua;

1. State Key Laboratory of Satellite Ocean Environment Dynamics, the 2nd Institute of Oceanography, State Oceanic Administration, Hangzhou 310012;

2. Earth System Science Interdisciplinary Center, University of Maryland, Maryland, USA;

3. College of Physical and Environmental Oceanography, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266003

Manuscript received: 2012-11-27

Manuscript revised: 2013-02-05

Fund Project: We would like to thank A. J. BUSALACCHI, J.-L. SU, and D.-L. ZHANG for their comments, and D. CHELTON and O'NEILL for providing the locally weighted regression (LOESS) code that is utilized for extracting TC wind fields in this work. The author wishes to thank anonymous reviewers for their numerous comments. This research is supported in part by NSF Grant (Grant No. AGS-1061998), NOAA Grant (Grant No. NA08OAR4310885), and NASA Grants (Grant Nos. NNX08AT50G and NNX09AF41G); D. Chen is supported by the National Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2013CB430302) and the Public Science and Technology Research Funds of Ocean (Grant No. 201105018); Pei is additionally supported by China Scholarship Council (CSC) with The Ocean University of China, Qingdao, China. The TMI SST data are available from the Remote Sensing Systems website at www.remss.com; the CCMP wind data are available from NASA website at http://podaac.jpl.nasa.gov/.

Abstract: An ocean general circulation model (OGCM) is used to demonstrate remote effects of tropical cyclone wind (TCW) forcing in the tropical Pacific. The signature of TCW forcing is explicitly extracted using a locally weighted quadratic least-squares regression (called as LOESS) method from six-hour satellite surface wind data; the extracted TCW component can then be additionally taken into account or not in ocean modeling, allowing isolation of its effects on the ocean in a clean and clear way. In this paper, seasonally varying TCW fields in year 2008 are extracted from satellite data which are prescribed as a repeated annual cycle over the western Pacific regions off the equator (poleward of 10oN/S); two long-term OGCM experiments are performed and compared, one with the TCW forcing part included additionally and the other not. Large, persistent thermal perturbations (cooling in the mixed layer (ML) and warming in the thermocline) are induced locally in the western tropical Pacific, which are seen to spread with the mean ocean circulation pathways around the tropical basin. In particular, a remote ocean response emerges in the eastern equatorial Pacific to the prescribed off-equatorial TCW forcing, characterized by a cooling in the mixed layer and a warming in the thermocline. Heat budget analyses indicate that the vertical mixing is a dominant process responsible for the SST cooling in the eastern equatorial Pacific. Further studies are clearly needed to demonstrate the significance of these results in a coupled ocean-atmosphere modeling context.

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Remote Effects of Tropical Cyclone Wind Forcing over the Western Pacific on the Eastern Equatorial Ocean

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