Impacts of the Diurnal Cycle of Radiation on Tropical Cyclone Intensification and Structure

GE Xuyang; MA Yue; ZHOU Shunwu; Tim LI

doi:10.1007/s00376-014-4060-0

Abstract:

To investigate the impacts of the diurnal cycle on tropical cyclones (TCs), a set of idealized simulations were conducted by specifying different radiation (i.e., nighttime-only, daytime-only, full diurnal cycle). It was found that, for an initially weak storm, it developed faster during nighttime than daytime. The impacts of radiation were not only on TC intensification, but also on TC structure and size. The nighttime storm tended to have a larger size than its daytime counterparts. During nighttime, the radiative cooling steepened the lapse rate and thus reduced the static stability in cloudy regions, enhancing convection. Diabatic heating associated with outer convection induced boundary layer inflows, which led to outward expansion of tangential winds and thus increased the storm size.

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Impacts of the Diurnal Cycle of Radiation on Tropical Cyclone Intensification and Structure

Corresponding author: GE Xuyang, xuyang@nuist.edu.cn;

1. Earth System Modeling Center, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044;

2. Key laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044;

3. College of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044;

4. International Pacific Research Center, University of Hawaii, Honolulu, HI 96822, USA

Manuscript received: 2014-03-31

Manuscript revised: 2014-05-22

Fund Project: The authors are grateful to the anonymous reviewers for their constructive comments. This work was jointly sponsored by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant Nos. 41275095, 41075037), the National Key Basic Research Program of China (Grant No. 2012CB955204), and the Key University Science Research Project of Jiangsu Province (Grant No. 14KJA170005). The Earth System Modeling Center contribution number is ESMC-008.

Abstract: To investigate the impacts of the diurnal cycle on tropical cyclones (TCs), a set of idealized simulations were conducted by specifying different radiation (i.e., nighttime-only, daytime-only, full diurnal cycle). It was found that, for an initially weak storm, it developed faster during nighttime than daytime. The impacts of radiation were not only on TC intensification, but also on TC structure and size. The nighttime storm tended to have a larger size than its daytime counterparts. During nighttime, the radiative cooling steepened the lapse rate and thus reduced the static stability in cloudy regions, enhancing convection. Diabatic heating associated with outer convection induced boundary layer inflows, which led to outward expansion of tangential winds and thus increased the storm size.

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Impacts of the Diurnal Cycle of Radiation on Tropical Cyclone Intensification and Structure

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