Charney, J. G., and M. E. Stern, 1962: On the stability of internal baroclinic jets in a rotating atmosphere. J. Atmos. Sci., 19, 159−172, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0469(1962)019<0159:OTSOIB>2.0.CO;2. |
Chen, Y. R., Y. Q. Li, and T. L. Zhao, 2015: Cause analysis on eastward movement of Southwest China vortex and its induced heavy rainfall in South China. Advances in Meteorology, 2015, 481735, https://doi.org/10.1155/2015/481735. |
Chen, Z. M., W. B. Min, Q. Miao, and G. B. He, 2004: A case study on coupling interaction between plateau and southwest vortexes. Plateau Meteorology, 23(1), 75−80, https://doi.org/10.3321/j.issn:1000-0534.2004.01.011. (in Chinese with English abstract |
Cheng, X. L., Y. Q. Li, and L. Xu, 2016: An analysis of an extreme rainstorm caused by the interaction of the Tibetan Plateau vortex and the Southwest China vortex from an intensive observation. Meteor. Atmos. Phys., 128, 373−399, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00703-015-0420-2. |
Ertel, H., 1942: Ein neuer hydrodynamischer Wirbelsatz. Meteorologische Zeitschrift, 59, 271−281. |
Gelaro, R., and Coauthors, 2017: The modern-era retrospective analysis for research and applications, version 2 (MERRA-2). J. Climate, 30, 5419−5454, https://doi.org/10.1175/JCLI-D-16-0758.1. |
Hoskins, B. J., 1991: Towards a PV-θ view of the general circulation. Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 43, 27−36, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v43i4.11936. |
Hoskins, B., 1997: A potential vorticity view of synoptic development. Meteorological Applications, 4, 325−334, https://doi.org/10.1017/S1350482797000716. |
Hoskins, B., 2015: Potential vorticity and the PV perspective. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 32, 2−9, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-014-0007-8. |
Hoskins, B. J., and I. N. James, 2014: Fluid Dynamics of the Midlatitude Atmosphere. John Wiley & Sons, 408 pp. |
Hoskins, B. J., M. E. McIntyre, and A. W. Robertson, 1985: On the use and significance of isentropic potential vorticity maps. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 111, 877−946, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.49711147002. |
Hoskins, B. J., M. Pedder, and D. W. Jones, 2003: The omega equation and potential vorticity. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 129, 3277−3303, https://doi.org/10.1256/qj.02.135. |
Huffman, G. J., and Coauthors, 2007: The TRMM multisatellite precipitation analysis (TMPA): Quasi-global, multiyear, combined-sensor precipitation estimates at fine scales. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 8, 38−55, https://doi.org/10.1175/JHM560.1. |
Lhasa Project Group on Qinghai-Xizang Plateau Meteorology, 1981: A Study of 500-mb Vortexes and Shear-lines over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau in the Warm Season. Science Press, 122 pp. (in Chinese) |
Li, G. P., 2002: Dynamic Meteorology of the Tibetan Plateau. China Meteorological Press, Beijing, 271 pp. (in Chinese) |
Li, L., R. H. Zhang, and M. Wen, 2011: Diagnostic analysis of the evolution mechanism for a vortex over the Tibetan Plateau in June 2008. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 28, 797−808, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-010-0027-y. |
Li, L., R. H. Zhang, M. Wen, and L. K. Liu, 2014: Effect of the atmospheric heat source on the development and eastward movement of the Tibetan Plateau vortices. Tellus A: Dynamic Meteorology and Oceanography, 66, 24451, https://doi.org/10.3402/tellusa.v66.24451. |
Li, L., R. H. Zhang, and M. Wen, 2017: Genesis of southwest vortices and its relation to Tibetan Plateau vortices. Quart. J. Roy. Meteor. Soc., 143, 2556−2566, https://doi.org/10.1002/qj.3106. |
Ma, T., Y. M. Liu, G. X. Wu, J. Y. Mao, and G. S. Zhang, 2020: Effect of potential vorticity on the formation, development, and eastward movement of a Tibetan Plateau vortex and its influence on downstream precipitation. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences, 44(3), 472−486, https://doi.org/10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1904.18275. |
Shao, X. L., S. L. Li, N. Liu, and J. Song, 2018: The Madden-Julian oscillation during the 2016 summer and its possible impact on rainfall in China. International Journal of Climatology, 38, 2575−2589, https://doi.org/10.1002/joc.5440. |
Simmonds, I., D. H. Bi, and P. Hope, 1999: Atmospheric water vapor flux and its association with rainfall over China in summer. J. Climate, 12, 1353−1367, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0442(1999)012<1353:AWVFAI>2.0.CO;2. |
Wang, W., Y. H. Kuo, and T. T. Warner, 1993: A diabatically driven mesoscale vortex in the lee of the Tibetan Plateau. Mon. Wea. Rev., 121, 2542−2561, https://doi.org/10.1175/1520-0493(1993)121<2542:ADDMVI>2.0.CO;2. |
Wang, X. M., and Y. Liu, 2017: Causes of extreme rainfall in May 2013 over Henan province: The role of the southwest vortex and low-level jet. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 129, 701−709, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00704-017-2054-4. |
Wang, X., Y. Q. Li, S. H. Yu, and X. W. Jiang, 2009: Statistical study on the plateau low vortex activities. Plateau Meteorology, 28, 64−71. |
Wernli, H., and C. Schwierz, 2006: Surface cyclones in the ERA-40 dataset (1958−2001). Part I: Novel identification method and global climatology. J. Atmos. Sci., 63, 2486−2507, https://doi.org/10.1175/JAS3766.1. |
Wu, G. X., T. T. Ma, Y. M. Liu, and Z. H. Jiang, 2020: PV‐Q perspective of cyclogenesis and vertical velocity development downstream of the Tibetan Plateau. J. Geophys. Res., 125, e2019JD030912, https://doi.org/10.1029/2019JD030912. |
Ye, D. Z., and Y. X. Gao, 1979: The Tibetan Plateau Meteorology. Science Press, Beijing, 316 pp. (in Chinese) |
Yu, S. H., and W. L. Gao, 2008: The Large-scale conditions of the vortex moving out of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau. Plateau Meteorology, 27, 1276−1287. (in Chinese with English abstract |
Zhang, G. S., J. Y. Mao, G. X. Wu, and Y. M. Liu, 2021: Impact of potential vorticity anomalies around the eastern Tibetan Plateau on quasi-biweekly oscillations of summer rainfall within and south of the Yangtze Basin in 2016. Climate Dyn., 56, 813−835, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00382-020-05505-x. |
Zhao, B. K., G. X. Wu, and X. P. Yao, 2007: Potential vorticity structure and inversion of the cyclogenesis over the Yangtze River and Huaihe River Valleys. Adv. Atmos. Sci., 24(1), 44−54, https://doi.org/10.1007/s00376-007-0044-7. |
Zheng, Y. J., G. X. Wu, and Y. M. Liu, 2013: Dynamical and thermal problems in vortex development and movement. Part I: A PV-Q view. Acta Meteorologica Sinica, 27(1), 1−14, https://doi.org/10.1007/s13351-013-0101-3. |
Zhou, C., K. C. Wang, and D. Qi, 2018: Attribution of the July 2016 extreme precipitation event over China’s Wuhang. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 99, S107−S112, https://doi.org/10.1175/BAMS-D-17-0090.1. |