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Volume 14 Issue 2

Apr.  1997

Article Contents
Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 1997 >  14(2): 277-287

Observational Study on the Onset of the South China Sea Southwest Monsoon

  • 1.

    National Climate Center, Beijing 100081


doi: 10.1007/s00376-997-0026-9

  • Based on the long-term marine ship observation data, records of meteorological stations and High-Reflective Cloud (HRC) data by satellite remote sensing, this paper has studied the circulation patterns and variability in ele-ments during onset and the established periods of the South China Sea (SCS) southwest (SW) monsoon, The averaged date of the onset SW monsoon in the SCS occurs in the middle of May climatologically. The corresponding date for the northern part is little earlier (May 12) and those for the southern parts are little later (May 20), The interannual range of the onset dates is about one month. Following the onset of the SW monsoon, the cloud amount and the pre-cipitation increase while the convection activities enhance over the SCS. But there is a strong spatial heterogeneity within the domain. After onset of the SW monsoon the strong convective area moves northwards, while the SCS rain band moves to the center and north. Sea surface temperature (SST) increases rapidly before the onset and the leading time is about one month. The increment of SST supplies heat and vapor for the onset. From April to May the surface heat fluxes display obvious changes, e.g., latent heat exchange and evaporation enhancement. It is one of the reasons why the SW monsoon bursts firstly in the SCS.
  • [1] Li Chongyin, Wu Jingbo, 2000: On the Onset of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon in 1998, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 17, 193-204.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-000-0003-z
    [2] K.-M. Lau, Song Yang, 1997: Climatology and Interannual Variability of the Southeast Asian Summer Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 14, 141-162.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-997-0016-y
    [3] Peng HU, Wen CHEN, Shangfeng CHEN, Lin WANG, Yuyun LIU, 2022: The Weakening Relationship between ENSO and the South China Sea Summer Monsoon Onset in Recent Decades, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 39, 443-455.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-021-1208-6
    [4] LIU Yanju, DING Yihui, 2007: Sensitivity Study of the South China Sea Summer Monsoon in 1998 to Different Cumulus arameterization Schemes, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 24, 360-376.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-007-0360-y
    [5] Shuhua YU, Wenliang GAO, Dixiang XIAO, Jun PENG, 2016: Observational Facts Regarding the Joint Activities of the Southwest Vortex and Plateau Vortex after Its Departure from the Tibetan Plateau, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 33, 34-46.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-5039-1
    [6] ZOU Liwei, ZHOU Tianjun, 2015: Asian Summer Monsoon Onset in Simulations and CMIP5 Projections Using Four Chinese Climate Models, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 794-806.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4053-z
    [7] DING Yihui, HE Chun, 2006: The Summer Monsoon Onset over the Tropical Eastern Indian Ocean: The Earliest Onset Process of the Asian Summer Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 23, 940-950.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-006-0940-2
    [8] CHEN Xiao, YAN Youfang, CHENG Xuhua, QI Yiquan, 2013: Performances of Seven Datasets in Presenting the Upper Ocean Heat Content in the South China Sea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1331-1342.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-013-2132-1
    [9] Swati Basu, K. J. Ramesh, Z. N. Begum, 1999: Medium Range Prediction of Summer Monsoon Activities over India vis-a-vis Their Correspondence with the Observational Features, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 16, 133-146.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-999-0009-0
    [10] Lu Riyu, Chan-Su Ryu, Buwen Dong, 2002: Associations between the Western North Pacific Monsoon and the South China Sea Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 12-24.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0030-z
    [11] Qingwei ZENG, Yun ZHANG, Hengchi LEI, Yanqiong XIE, Taichang GAO, Lifeng ZHANG, Chunming WANG, Yanbin HUANG, 2019: Microphysical Characteristics of Precipitation during Pre-monsoon, Monsoon, and Post-monsoon Periods over the South China Sea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 36, 1103-1120.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-019-8225-8
    [12] WANG Xin, ZHOU Wen, LI Chongyin, WANG Dongxiao, 2012: Effects of the East Asian Summer Monsoon on Tropical Cyclone Genesis over the South China Sea on an Interdecadal Time Scale, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 249-262.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-1080-x
    [13] Lu Riyu, Huang Ronghui, Hee-Jeong Baek, Jai-Ho Oh, Baek-Jo Kim, 2001: Associations with the Interannual Variations of Onset and Withdrawal of the Changma, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 1066-1080.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0023-3
    [14] Peter C. Chu, C.-P. Chang, 1997: South China Sea Warm Pool in Boreal Spring, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 14, 195-206.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-997-0019-8
    [15] Liu Qinyu, Jia Yinglai, Wang Xiaohua, Yang Haijun, 2001: On the Annual Cycle Characteristics of the Sea Surface Height in South China Sea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 613-622.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0049-6
    [16] ZHOU Lian-Tong, Chi-Yung TAM, ZHOU Wen, Johnny C. L. CHAN, 2010: Influence of South China Sea SST and the ENSO on Winter Rainfall over South China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 832-844.  doi: 10.1007/s00376--009-9102-7
    [17] ZHAO Xia, LI Jianping, 2009: Possible Causes for the Persistence Barrier of SSTA in the South China Sea and the Vicinity of Indonesia, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 26, 1125-1136.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8165-9
    [18] Haoya LIU, Weibiao LI, Shumin CHEN, Rong FANG, Zhuo LI, 2018: Atmospheric Response to Mesoscale Ocean Eddies over the South China Sea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 35, 1189-1204.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-018-7175-x
    [19] Yang Haijun, Liu Qinyu, Jia Xujing, 1999: On the Upper Oceanic Heat Budget in the South China Sea: Annual Cycle, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 16, 619-629.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-999-0036-x
    [20] Hailong LIU, Pingxiang Chu, Yao Meng, Mengrong DING, Pengfei LIN, Ruiqiang Ding, Pengfei Wang, Weipeng ZHENG, 2024: The Predictability Limit of Oceanic Mesoscale Eddy Tracks in the South China Sea, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-024-3250-7
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 April 1997
    Manuscript revised: 10 April 1997
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Observational Study on the Onset of the South China Sea Southwest Monsoon

    • 1. National Climate Center, Beijing 100081
    • Manuscript received: 1997-04-10
    • Manuscript revised: 1997-04-10

    Abstract: Based on the long-term marine ship observation data, records of meteorological stations and High-Reflective Cloud (HRC) data by satellite remote sensing, this paper has studied the circulation patterns and variability in ele-ments during onset and the established periods of the South China Sea (SCS) southwest (SW) monsoon, The averaged date of the onset SW monsoon in the SCS occurs in the middle of May climatologically. The corresponding date for the northern part is little earlier (May 12) and those for the southern parts are little later (May 20), The interannual range of the onset dates is about one month. Following the onset of the SW monsoon, the cloud amount and the pre-cipitation increase while the convection activities enhance over the SCS. But there is a strong spatial heterogeneity within the domain. After onset of the SW monsoon the strong convective area moves northwards, while the SCS rain band moves to the center and north. Sea surface temperature (SST) increases rapidly before the onset and the leading time is about one month. The increment of SST supplies heat and vapor for the onset. From April to May the surface heat fluxes display obvious changes, e.g., latent heat exchange and evaporation enhancement. It is one of the reasons why the SW monsoon bursts firstly in the SCS.

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