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A Numerical Study of Geostrophic Adjustment and Frontogenesis


doi: 10.1007/s00376-998-0038-0

  • Using the PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model version four(MM4), the frontogenesis and geostrophic adjustment problem in atmosphere with imbalance initial ideal data and conditions are studied. Based on results of experiments, it is found that the objective analysis and initialization procedure of the Model are not sensitive to the initial condi?tions used in this study. The final state of atmosphere, through process of adjustment, depends on the temperature gradient intensity of initial imbalance conditions. The front can be formed with appropriate condition. The processes of the frontogenesis are studied. It is also found that the response of the model to the ideal initial data used in this in?vestigation is sensitive to the selected lateral boundary condition. The time-dependent inflow / outflow lateral boundary condition is the best implemented option for this numerical study. Energetic study of the experiments shows that the front is formed after the initial transient stage when there is no exchange of energy between the kinetic and potential energy. The time needed for the formation of the front is longer than that predicted theoretically. The ratio of kinetic energy to the released potential energy is considered. This ratio varies with the temperature gradient intensity and the type of used wind for computing kinetic energy (geostrophic or geostrophic plus ageostrophic wind). The larger temperature gradient, the larger magnitude of this ratio. A maximum value of energy in either type of computed kinetic energies (geostrophic wind kinetic energy and actual wind kinetic energy) for cases that the fronts are observed whereby, and its magnitude and occurrence time depend on initial data distribution. The variation of the computed kinetic energies with time, after transition time, is reasonable and no sig?nificant conversion of the energy between kinetic and potential energy goes on, however, stability within variables is not achieved.
  • [1] Fang Juan, Wu Rongsheng, 2001: Topographic Effect on Geostrophic Adjustment and Frontogenesis, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 524-538.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0042-0
    [2] YANG Shuai, GAO Shouting, LU Chungu, 2014: A Generalized Frontogenesis Function and Its Application, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 31, 1065-1078.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-3228-y
    [3] ZHOU Lingli, DU Huiliang, ZHAI Guoqing, WANG Donghai, 2013: Numerical Simulation of the Sudden Rainstorm Associated with the Remnants of Typhoon Meranti (2010), ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1353-1372.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2127-3
    [4] Wu Rongsheng, Fang Juan, 2001: Mechanism of Balanced Flow and Frontogenesis, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 323-334.  doi: 10.1007/BF02919313
    [5] PENG Jiayi, FANG Juan, WU Rongsheng, 2004: Interaction of Mesoscale Convection and Frontogenesis, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 814-823.  doi: 10.1007/BF02916377
    [6] Fang Juan, Wu Rongsheng, 1998: Frontogenesis, Evolution and the Time Scale of Front Formation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 15, 233-246.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-998-0042-4
    [7] Yang Hongwei, Wang Bin, Ji Zhongzhen, 2002: Application of the Artificial Compression Method to the Simulation of Two-Dimensional Frontogenesis, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 863-869.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0051-7
    [8] Wang Yunfeng, Wu Rongsheng, Pan Yinong, 2000: Evolution and Frontogenesis of an Imbalanced Flow —the Influence of Vapor Distribution and Orographic Forcing, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 17, 256-274.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-000-0008-7
    [9] Guojing LI, Dongxiao WANG, Changming DONG, Jiayi PAN, Yeqiang SHU, Zhenqiu ZHANG, 2024: Frontogenesis and Frontolysis of a Cold Filament Driven by the Cross-Filament Wind and Wave Fields Simulated by a Large Eddy Simulation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 41, 509-528.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-023-3037-2
    [10] YANG Shuai, GAO Shouting, Chungu LU, 2015: Investigation of the Mei-yu Front Using a New Deformation Frontogenesis Function, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 635-647.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4147-7
    [11] Fang Juan, Wu Rongsheng, 2002: Energetics of Geostrophic Adjustment in Rotating Flow, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 845-854.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0049-1
    [12] Xu Yinlong, Qian Fenlan, Chen Zhi, Li Shiming, Zhou Mingyu, 2002: Observational Analyses of Baroclinic Boundary Layer Characteristics during One Frontal Winter Snowstorm, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 153-168.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0041-9
    [13] Zipeng YUAN, Xiaoyong ZHUGE, Yuan WANG, 2020: The Forced Secondary Circulation of the Mei-yu Front, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 766-780.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-9177-8
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Manuscript History

Manuscript received: 10 April 1998
Manuscript revised: 10 April 1998
通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
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A Numerical Study of Geostrophic Adjustment and Frontogenesis

  • 1. Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093,Department of Atmospheric Sciences, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093

Abstract: Using the PSU/NCAR Mesoscale Model version four(MM4), the frontogenesis and geostrophic adjustment problem in atmosphere with imbalance initial ideal data and conditions are studied. Based on results of experiments, it is found that the objective analysis and initialization procedure of the Model are not sensitive to the initial condi?tions used in this study. The final state of atmosphere, through process of adjustment, depends on the temperature gradient intensity of initial imbalance conditions. The front can be formed with appropriate condition. The processes of the frontogenesis are studied. It is also found that the response of the model to the ideal initial data used in this in?vestigation is sensitive to the selected lateral boundary condition. The time-dependent inflow / outflow lateral boundary condition is the best implemented option for this numerical study. Energetic study of the experiments shows that the front is formed after the initial transient stage when there is no exchange of energy between the kinetic and potential energy. The time needed for the formation of the front is longer than that predicted theoretically. The ratio of kinetic energy to the released potential energy is considered. This ratio varies with the temperature gradient intensity and the type of used wind for computing kinetic energy (geostrophic or geostrophic plus ageostrophic wind). The larger temperature gradient, the larger magnitude of this ratio. A maximum value of energy in either type of computed kinetic energies (geostrophic wind kinetic energy and actual wind kinetic energy) for cases that the fronts are observed whereby, and its magnitude and occurrence time depend on initial data distribution. The variation of the computed kinetic energies with time, after transition time, is reasonable and no sig?nificant conversion of the energy between kinetic and potential energy goes on, however, stability within variables is not achieved.

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