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Volume 16 Issue 3

Jul.  1999

Article Contents
Article >  ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES  > 1999 >  16(3): 467-481

Interaction of Orographic Disturbance with Front

  • 1.

    Department afAimtupherk Sciences, NanjingV'nnersity, Nanjing210093,Department afAimtupherk Sciences, NanjingV'nnersity, Nanjing210093


doi: 10.1007/s00376-999-0024-1

  • The interaction of orographic disturbance with front is investigated with a nonhydrostatic fully compressible mesoscale model (ARPS). It is shown that the front is dominated mainly by the orographic dis-turbance if the front is weak. Firstly, because the stratified airstream is forced lo flow along the topographic surface, the topographic surface almost coincides with the lowest isentrope for the barotropic flow. The po-tential temperature gradients are opposite on upwind slope and downwind slope. As the cold front moves across the mountain, its intensity decreases on the upwind side and increases on the downwind side due to the thermal superposition. Conversely, the warm front is strengthened on the upwind slope and weakened on the downwind slope. This is the thermal superposition effect. Secondly, the mountain-forced circulation and orographic waves, which depend on the shape and size of topography and characteristics of airflow, contribute to frontogenesis and /or frontolysis. This is referred as dynamical action. For the mesoscale mountain ridge of gentle slope, the dynamical action weakens the cold front on the upwind slope, and strengthens the cold front on the lee side. While for the mesoscale mountain of steep slope, the dynamical ef-fect weakens the cold front on the upwind side and strengthens the cold front on the mountain top, the frontal intensity is decreased when front moves downslope rapidly. As front moves into the convergent zone near the mountain base, its intensity is enhanced severely. If the front is intensive, there is strong interaction between the orographic disturbance and the front. The cold front dramatically increases downslope wind and lee side gravity wave activity. And these in turn act upon the frontal intensity and frontal structure. For the baroclinic basic flow, the southerly warm advection on the upwind side makes the cold front less frontolysis; the northerly on the lee side violently intensifies the clod front.
  • [1] Fang Juan, Wu Rongsheng, 1998: Frontogenesis, Evolution and the Time Scale of Front Formation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 15, 233-246.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-998-0042-4
    [2] Chen Lianshou, Luo Zhexian, 1995: Effect of the Interaction of Different Scale Vortices on the Structure and Motion of Typhoons, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 12, 207-214.  doi: 10.1007/BF02656833
    [3] Li Chongyin, Sun Shuqing, Mu Mingquan, 2001: Origin of the TBO-Interaction between Anomalous East-Asian Winter Monsoon and ENSO Cycle, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 18, 554-566.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-001-0044-y
    [4] Hu Zengzhen, Tsuyoshi Nitta, 1997: Seasonality of the Interaction between Convection over the Western Pacific and General Circulation in the Northern Hemisphere, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 14, 541-553.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-997-0072-3
    [5] HUANG Ronghui, CHEN Wen, YANG Bangliang, ZHANG Renhe, 2004: Recent Advances in Studies of the Interaction between the East Asian Winter and Summer Monsoons and ENSO Cycle, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 407-424.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915568
    [6] WU Xian, FEI Jianfang, HUANG Xiaogang, ZHANG Xiang, CHENG Xiaoping, REN Jianqi, 2012: A Numerical Study of the Interaction between Two Simultaneous Storms: Goni and Morakot in September 2009, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 29, 561-574.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-1014-7
    [7] ZHU Peijun, ZHENG Yongguang, ZHANG Chunxi, TAO Zuyu, 2005: A Study of the Extratropical Transformation of Typhoon Winnie (1997), ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 22, 730-740.  doi: 10.1007/BF02918716
    [8] Chen Lianshou, Luo Zhexian, 2002: The Impact of the Eastward Shifting of Dipole Systems over Large-Scale Terrain on Tropical Cyclone Tracks, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 19, 1069-1078.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-002-0065-1
    [9] YAN Hongming, YANG Hui, YUAN Yuan, LI Chongyin, 2011: Relationship Between East Asian Winter Monsoon and Summer Monsoon, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 28, 1345-1356.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-011-0014-y
    [10] Yang Guoxiang, Lu Hancheng, He Qiqiang, 1987: A MESO-α-SCALE STUDY OF MEIYU FRONT HEAVY RAIN－PART II: THE DYNAMICAL ANALYSIS OF RAIN-BAND DISTURBANCE, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 4, 485-495.  doi: 10.1007/BF02656747
    [11] CHEN Lianshou, LUO Zhexian, 2004: Interaction of Typhoon and Mesoscale Vortex, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 515-528.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915719
    [12] PENG Jiayi, FANG Juan, WU Rongsheng, 2004: Interaction of Mesoscale Convection and Frontogenesis, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 814-823.  doi: 10.1007/BF02916377
    [13] Zipeng YUAN, Xiaoyong ZHUGE, Yuan WANG, 2020: The Forced Secondary Circulation of the Mei-yu Front, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 37, 766-780.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-020-9177-8
    [14] Abuduwaili ABULIKEMU, XU Xin, WANG Yuan, DING Jinfeng, WANG Yan, 2015: Atypical Occlusion Process Caused by the Merger of a Sea-breeze Front and Gust Front, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 1431-1443.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-015-4260-2
    [15] HUANG Wenyu, WU Rongsheng, FANG Juan, 2010: The Adaptive Wavelet Collocation Method and Its Application in Front Simulation, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 27, 594-604.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-009-8189-1
    [16] CHEN Guanghua, 2013: A Numerical Study on the Effect of an Extratropical Cyclone on the Evolution of a Midlatitude Front, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1433-1448.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2191-8
    [17] YANG Shuai, GAO Shouting, Chungu LU, 2015: Investigation of the Mei-yu Front Using a New Deformation Frontogenesis Function, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 32, 635-647.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-014-4147-7
    [18] Leying ZHANG, Haiming XU, Ning SHI, Jiechun DENG, 2017: Responses of the East Asian Jet Stream to the North Pacific Subtropical Front in Spring, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 34, 144-156.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-016-6026-x
    [19] WANG Yunfeng, WANG Bin, HAN Yueqi, ZHU Min, HOU Zhiming, ZHOU Yi, LIU Yudi, KOU Zheng, 2004: Variational Data Assimilation Experiments of Mei-Yu Front Rainstorms in China, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 21, 587-596.  doi: 10.1007/BF02915726
    [20] WANG Yanhui, ZHANG Guangshu, ZHANG Tong, LI Yajun, WU Bin, and ZHANG Tinglong, 2013: Interaction between adjacent lightning discharges in clouds, ADVANCES IN ATMOSPHERIC SCIENCES, 30, 1106-1116.  doi: 10.1007/s00376-012-2008-9
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    • Manuscript History

    Manuscript received: 10 July 1999
    Manuscript revised: 10 July 1999
    通讯作者: 陈斌, bchen63@163.com
    • 1. 

      沈阳化工大学材料科学与工程学院 沈阳 110142

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    Interaction of Orographic Disturbance with Front

    • 1. Department afAimtupherk Sciences, NanjingV'nnersity, Nanjing210093,Department afAimtupherk Sciences, NanjingV'nnersity, Nanjing210093
    • Manuscript received: 1999-07-10
    • Manuscript revised: 1999-07-10

    Abstract: The interaction of orographic disturbance with front is investigated with a nonhydrostatic fully compressible mesoscale model (ARPS). It is shown that the front is dominated mainly by the orographic dis-turbance if the front is weak. Firstly, because the stratified airstream is forced lo flow along the topographic surface, the topographic surface almost coincides with the lowest isentrope for the barotropic flow. The po-tential temperature gradients are opposite on upwind slope and downwind slope. As the cold front moves across the mountain, its intensity decreases on the upwind side and increases on the downwind side due to the thermal superposition. Conversely, the warm front is strengthened on the upwind slope and weakened on the downwind slope. This is the thermal superposition effect. Secondly, the mountain-forced circulation and orographic waves, which depend on the shape and size of topography and characteristics of airflow, contribute to frontogenesis and /or frontolysis. This is referred as dynamical action. For the mesoscale mountain ridge of gentle slope, the dynamical action weakens the cold front on the upwind slope, and strengthens the cold front on the lee side. While for the mesoscale mountain of steep slope, the dynamical ef-fect weakens the cold front on the upwind side and strengthens the cold front on the mountain top, the frontal intensity is decreased when front moves downslope rapidly. As front moves into the convergent zone near the mountain base, its intensity is enhanced severely. If the front is intensive, there is strong interaction between the orographic disturbance and the front. The cold front dramatically increases downslope wind and lee side gravity wave activity. And these in turn act upon the frontal intensity and frontal structure. For the baroclinic basic flow, the southerly warm advection on the upwind side makes the cold front less frontolysis; the northerly on the lee side violently intensifies the clod front.

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