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李书严, 马京津, 轩春怡, 王冀. 1951~2008年北京极端天气事件分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2012, 17(2): 244-250. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2011.10086
引用本文: 李书严, 马京津, 轩春怡, 王冀. 1951~2008年北京极端天气事件分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2012, 17(2): 244-250. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2011.10086
Li Shuyan, Ma Jingjin, Xuan Chunyi, Wang Ji. Analysis of Extreme Weather Events in Beijing during 1951-2008[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2012, 17(2): 244-250. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2011.10086
Citation: Li Shuyan, Ma Jingjin, Xuan Chunyi, Wang Ji. Analysis of Extreme Weather Events in Beijing during 1951-2008[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2012, 17(2): 244-250. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2011.10086

1951~2008年北京极端天气事件分析

Analysis of Extreme Weather Events in Beijing during 1951-2008

  • 摘要: 应用1951~2008北京国家气候观象台的气温、降水、雷暴、雾、沙尘、大风、霜冻、相对湿度等逐日观测资料以及逐时降水资料, 分析了北京极端天气事件的变化趋势。结果表明:(1)年平均气温、极端最低气温分别以0.39 ℃·(10 a) -1、1.0 ℃·(10 a) -1的趋势升高;轻雾天气增加趋势比较明显12.4 d·(10 a)-1;日最大降水量以-10.8 mm·(10 a)-1的速率呈渐弱趋势;降水日数、相对湿度、大风和雷暴天气均有不同程〖JP2〗度的减少,变化趋势分别为-1.90 d·(10 a)-1、-1.17% (10 a)-1、-2.64 d·(10 a)-1和-1.24 d·(10 a)-1;沙尘天气减少较明显-9.39 d·(10 a)-1;极端最高气温、小时雨强最大值、暴雨天气日数、霜冻、大雾、高温天气日数波动幅度较大,总体变化趋势不明显。(2)暴雨、高温、极端最高温度和沙尘事件不存在明显的周期性变化;大风、大雾事件周期性特征在不同时段表现不同。雷暴、霜冻、极端最低温度、日最大降水量事件分别有6年、7年、16年、12年左右的周期性变化。轻雾除存在12年左右的主周期外,不同时段具有不同尺度次周期。(3)城市的扩展对记录到的变暖趋势有重要的贡献。各种极端天气事件与特定的天气系统相联系,受城市发展影响可能较小。

     

    Abstract: Based on the daily observation data during 1951-2008, the change of extreme weather events in Beijing are analyzed. Results show that: (1) The annual mean temperature, minimum temperature, and mist events show increasing trends of 0.39℃·(10 a) -1, 1.0 ℃·(10 a)-1, and 12.4 d·(10 a)-1 respectively. The maximum 24 h rainfall shows a decreasing trend of -10.8 mm·(10 a)-1, rain days, humidity, gale, and thunder storm decrease at different extent -1.90 d·(10 a)-1,-1.17% (10 a)-1,-2.64 d·(10 a)-1,and -1.24 d·(10 a)-1, sand and dust events show a decreasing trend of -9.39 d·(10 a)-1. The maximum temperature, the maximum rain intensity(60 min), and rainstorm, frost, fog, high temperature events have little change. (2) Rainstorm, high temperature, the maximum temperature, and sand and dust events have no remarkable periodicity. Thunder storm, frost, the minimum temperature, the maximum 24 h rainfall, and mist events have periodical variation, their main periods are 6 a, 7 a, 16 a, 12 a, and 12 a,respectively. (3) Urbanization has an effect on the warming records in Beijing. Extreme weather events may be influenced by certain weather systems, with less correlation with city development.

     

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