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石春娥, 邓学良, 余金龙, 张浩, 杨元建. 安徽省雾、霾、晴空天气的气象条件对比分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2017, 22(2): 242-252. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.16045
引用本文: 石春娥, 邓学良, 余金龙, 张浩, 杨元建. 安徽省雾、霾、晴空天气的气象条件对比分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2017, 22(2): 242-252. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.16045
Chun'e SHI, Xueliang DENG, Jinlong YU, Hao ZHANG, Yuanjian YANG. Comparisons of Meteorological Conditions on Fog, Haze, and Clear Days in Anhui Province, China[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2017, 22(2): 242-252. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.16045
Citation: Chun'e SHI, Xueliang DENG, Jinlong YU, Hao ZHANG, Yuanjian YANG. Comparisons of Meteorological Conditions on Fog, Haze, and Clear Days in Anhui Province, China[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2017, 22(2): 242-252. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.16045

安徽省雾、霾、晴空天气的气象条件对比分析

Comparisons of Meteorological Conditions on Fog, Haze, and Clear Days in Anhui Province, China

  • 摘要: 使用2008~2012年逐日地面观测资料,揭示了安徽不同地区雾、霾、晴空天气气象条件的差异,指出不同地区要根据本地特点建立雾、霾预报指标和预报方法。3类天气差异最大的地面气象要素是能见度和相对湿度。根据3种天气前一日和当日能见度和相对湿度分布特征,全省站点可以分为3类:1)从雾、霾到晴空,能见度递增、相对湿度递减,且差异显著,如合肥站;2)雾、霾天的能见度和相对湿度均很接近,但与晴空天差别较大,如阜阳站;3)能见度在雾、霾天无明显差别,但相对湿度在雾、霾天差异显著,如安庆站。地级市测站雾后即霾的可能性较大(大于50%),县城测站雾后即霾的可能性较低(低于25%)。垂直方向,雾时相对湿度随高度下降很快,850 hPa中位值已降到20%(安庆)和45%(阜阳)以下,霾时相对湿度随高度下降缓慢,850 hPa中位值仍在60%左右;另外,霾天边界层中上部风切变较小,雾天和晴空天边界层中上部都存在较大的风切变。

     

    Abstract: Based on differences in meteorological conditions on fog, haze, and clear days, the authors concluded that the forecasting methods and index of fog and haze should be set up for different regions based on local conditions. Among the surface meteorological parameters, visibility and relative humidity showed the most evident differences in the above-mentioned three weather conditions. According to the visibility and relative humidity at 2000 LST in the preceding day and 1400 LST on the current day, all studied sites in Anhui Province were divided into three categories:1) From fog, haze to clear days, the visibility increased and relative humidity decreased evidently (e.g. Hefei); 2) Visibility and relative humidity both were very close on fog and haze days, but were evidently different from those on clear days (e.g. Fuyang); 3) Visibility showed insignificant differences between fog and haze days, while relative humidity showed evident differences between fog and haze days (e.g. Anqing). More than 50% of fogs were followed by haze at urban sites; while less than 25% of fogs were followed by haze at countryside sites. In the vertical, the relative humidity decreased rapidly with height during fog days, with the median value lower than 20% at 850 hPa at Anqing station and lower than 45% at Fuyang station; however, it decreased slowly during haze days with the median value of around 60% at 850 hPa at both stations. In addition, the wind shear from the middle to upper boundary layer was smaller on haze days than on fog and clear days.

     

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