Strong association of thermodynamic effect of the Tibetan Plateau with weather conditions: Insights from the 2nd BLMP-SCB over the eastern steeply sloped terrains of the Tibetan Plateau

The frequent occurrence of meteorological and geological disasters induced by continuous rapid climate warming is particularly prominent in slope terrain. The Tibetan Plateau (TP) and its surrounding regions are among the most concentrated and typical areas of slope terrain globally. The second Boundary Layer Meteorology and Pollution in Sichuan Basin (2nd BLMP-SCB) was carried out at three sites (Luoba, Moxi, and Gongga) from May 18 to July 2, 2025. The three sites, with a topographic relief of 2.5 km along the eastern slope of the TP , simultaneously monitor the planetary boundary layer (PBL) meteorological and environmental variables. The temperature at the Moxi Site is approximately 10 °C higher than that at the same altitude above the Luoba Site, indicating that the pronounced thermodynamic effect of the TP. Through an examination of cloud status, diurnal temperature range, precipitation amount, three-dimensional wind fields, and turbulence intensity, it is determined that intense mountain heating is strongly associated with sunny days. The feeble mountain heating is closely related to rainy or overcast days. Under stable atmopheric conditions for feeble mountain heating, the vertical profiles of meteorological variables are more conducive to being monitored by ground-based stations along the steeply sloped terrain. This study quantified the thermodynamic effect of the TP on local air temperature and identified the favorable weather conditions for monitoring the vertical profiles. The results will be of great significance for a profound comprehension of the formation mechanism of meteorological and geological disasters in the steeply sloped terrains.