FIO-ESM v2.1 dataset for the historical simulation and the SSP2-com scenario projection

To investigate the climate change under a carbon neutrality scenario aligned with the long-term temperature goal of the Paris Agreement—restricting global mean temperature increase to well below 2 °C above pre-industrial levels—this study produces a comprehensive climate dataset based on the latest version of Earth system model FIO-ESM v2.1 and a novel scenario named SSP2-com (Shared Socioeconomic Pathway 2 - Combination). FIO-ESM v2.1 incorporates an ocean surface wave model to enhance simulations of physical processes in the upper ocean, at the air-sea interface, and in sea ice, representing a significant improvement over the previous version. The dataset includes a 165-year historical simulation (1850-2014) following CMIP6 protocols and an 86-year future projection (2015-2100) under the SSP2-com scenario, alongside comparative runs of SSP1-2.6, SSP2-4.5, and SSP5-8.5 for reference. Model results indicate that under the SSP2-com scenario, the global mean surface air temperature (SAT) warming for 2081-2100 relative to the 1850-1900 pre-industrial baseline is 1.86 °C, confirming that SSP2-com can effectively limit global warming to below 2 °C by the end of the 21st century. The climate projections under the SSP2-com scenario, including SAT, sea surface temperature (SST), and sea ice coverage, closely align with SSP1-2.6 but are distinctly cooler than SSP2-4.5, highlighting the effectiveness of SSP2-com’s adaptation and mitigation strategies. The dataset, provided in NetCDF format, covers global-scale, multi-component (atmosphere, ocean, wave, sea ice) and multi-frequency climate variables, providing valuable support for long-term climate change research and related policy formulation.