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南海台风模式成功预报“暹芭(2022)”生成原因探究

Analysis of the Successful Genesis Forecast of “Chaba (2022)” by CMA-TRAMS

  • 摘要: 本文针对2022年3号台风“暹芭”,对比分析了南海台风模式CMA-TRAMS(China meteorological administration tropical regional atmospheric model system)和ECMWF(European Center for Mediumrange Weather Forecasts)模式对“暹芭”生成的预报结果差异,从台风胚胎发展环境、胚胎内物理过程、胚胎结构及其发展等不同方面分析探讨了CMA-TRAMS成功预报“暹芭”生成的原因。结果表明,72~120 h两模式预报菲律宾西侧的季风槽气旋式环流形势的显著差异,是造成台风生成预报结果差异的直接原因。CMA-TRAMS在96~120 h预报出多个中尺度对流系统或中尺度涡旋在正涡度环境下生成、发展、合并,并组织化发展形成暖心结构,是其成功预报“暹芭”生成的重要因素。菲律宾西侧季风槽的风场预报精度可能对南海台风生成预报有重要影响。本研究结果加深了我们对台风生成主要物理过程的理解,增进了我们对数值模式台风生成预报影响因素的认识,并为模式改进台风生成预报提供线索。

     

    Abstract: Based on the tropical regional atmospheric model system of the China Meteorological Administration (CMA-TRAMS) and the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF), the forecast differences of tropical cyclone (TC) formation for the No. 3 Typhoon “Chaba” in 2022 are compared and analyzed. The reasons for the successful genesis prediction by CMA-TRAMS for Typhoon “Chaba” are investigated from different aspects, such as the development environment of tropical cyclone (TC) embryos, physical processes within TC embryos, and embryo structure and the corresponding development. The results indicate that numerical models are required to have a good descriptive ability in terms of the aforementioned aspects to perform well in TC generation forecasts. This study is beneficial for understanding the main physical processes and factors closely related to TC generation prediction in numerical models. It also provides clues for subsequent model development and improvement. The results indicate that a significant difference in the cyclonic circulation pattern of the monsoon trough in the western Philippines between the 72 h and 120 h forecasts is the direct cause of the difference in TC generation forecasts between the two models. CMA-TRAMS predicts the generation, development, and merging of multiple mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) or mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) in a positive vorticity environment from 96 h to 120 h. It also predicts the organization of circulation to form warm core structures, which is important in its successful prediction of the formation of “Chaba.” The accuracy of wind field forecasting in the western monsoon trough of the Philippines may have a significant impact on the prediction of TC generation in the South China Sea. The continuous convergence and merging of MCSs and MCVs, as well as the organization of cyclone circulation, are important physical processes for TC formation. The results of this study have deepened our understanding regarding the main physical processes involved in TC formation, enhanced our knowledge of the influencing factors of numerical model prediction for TC formation, and provided clues for improving model forecasts.

     

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