Abstract: Based on meteorological data from 1981 to 2021, Northeast cold vortex (NCV) records, and spring maize yield data, this study defines a novel type of agricultural hazard-NCV-induced delayed cold damage (NCVCD) to spring maize and investigates their correlation with NCV and their related impacts. The results show that NCVCD in Northeast China is primarily caused by the NCV. In years with NCVCD, the NCV tended to occur more frequently in summer, with Type 1 and Type 2 NCV paths more prevalent. The composite circulation anomalies further demonstrated that the NCV of Type 1 and Type 2 paths would lead to substantial temperature drops in the southern and northern parts of Northeast China, respectively. Yield assessments in representative NCVCD years show that the NCV of the Type 1 path results in yield reduction in the southern part of Northeast China, whereas the impact region of the Type 2 path is more widespread. This study deepens the understanding of NCV and its climatic effects on agricultural production and provides a basis for predicting crop yield using large-scale atmospheric circulation.