高级检索

东北地区暖季夜间小时降水的时空分布特征

Spatiotemporal Characteristics of Nocturnal Hourly Precipitation during the Warm Season in Northeast China

  • 摘要: 利用2017~2024年国家气象站和加密站逐小时降水观测资料,分析了东北地区暖季(5~9月)夜间降水的多时间尺度(年、月、日、小时)降水频发区、易发时段和极端性特征,结果显示:1)东北地区暖季夜间与白天降水量几乎持平,夜间年均降水量大值区集中在长白山脉附近,次大值区为吉林中部地区;短时强降水(≥20 mm/h)频次大值集中在辽宁南部丹东市附近。2)5~9月夜间降水量和降水频次的月际变化曲线均呈单峰型,8月为峰值月,其重点关注区域为降水频次较大的以沈阳—长春—哈尔滨为中心的大城市经济带以及夜间降水极端性强的辽东湾沿海地区;7月为次高峰月份,降水量大值区呈双带状分布,长白山脉大值带降水频次高,葫芦岛—铁岭—吉林市大值带降水强度大。3)夜间短时强降水最高频次出现月份为7月的台站最多,辽东半岛地区最大频次出现月份以8月为主。4)短时强降水的降水量、降水频次逐时变化曲线在05:00(北京时间,下同)存在一夜间峰值。高降水频次区在20:00至24:00处于吉林中部及东北平原北部地区,00:00至08:00则转为辽宁南部沿海地区。5)近10%站点99.9百分位阈值达极端小时强降水(≥50 mm/h)级别,超过50%站点99.5th百分位阈值可达短时强降水(≥20 mm/h)级别;极端性降水的极值区随阈值增大,自辽宁南部沿海地区沿东北平原向北扩散。

     

    Abstract: A systematic analysis of hourly rainfall data from 2017 to 2024, collected from national and dense automatic weather stations in Northeast China, was conducted to reveal spatiotemporal patterns of warm-season (May–September) nocturnal precipitation across annual, monthly, diurnal, and hourly scales. Results show that daytime and nocturnal precipitation totals during the warm season are nearly equivalent. The annual mean nocturnal precipitation peaks near the Changbai Mountains, with secondary maxima in central Jilin. Short-time heavy rainfall (≥20 mm h−1) occurs most frequently near Dandong City in southern Liaoning. Monthly nocturnal precipitation amount and frequency follow a unimodal distribution, peaking in August. High-risk regions include the Shenyang–Changchun–Harbin urban belt (high frequency) and the Liaodong Bay coast (extreme intensity). July represents a secondary peak, characterized by dual precipitation belts: the Changbai Mountains (high frequency) and the Huludao–Tieling–Jilin City corridor (high intensity). Peak short-time heavy rainfall frequencies are observed mainly in July, except in the Liaodong Peninsula, where August dominates. A nocturnal maximum in short-time heavy rainfall occurs at 0500 LST. Higher frequencies are concentrated in central Jilin and the northern Northeast Plain from 2000 LST to 2400 LST, shifting to southern Liaoning coastal areas from 0000 LST to 0800 LST. The 99.9th percentile threshold exceeds 50 mm h−1 (extreme rainfall) at nearly 10% of stations, while more than 50% of stations reach ≥20 mm h−1 (99.5th percentile). As intensity thresholds rise, extreme rainfall cores expand northward from the southern coastal area of Liaoning.

     

/

返回文章
返回