Abstract: In the summer of 2022 (June and July), Europe experienced an anomalous heatwave that significantly deviated from the climatic norms. Research into this extreme event can enhance China’s capabilities in forecasting regional extreme high-temperature events on a global scale. Using multisource observations from Central and Western Europe, this study analyzed the evolution and extreme characteristics of such widespread and persistent heatwaves. The results revealed the following: 1) This heatwave event (defined as a period with daily maximum temperatures ≥32°C persisting for 3 consecutive days) affected central and western Europe and lasted for approximately 59 days. The number of days on which the daily maximum temperature exceeded 40°C reached 7 to 15 in France, Spain, Portugal, and other countries. The highest recorded daily temperature during the entire heatwave was 47°C in Pinhão (in Portugal, not a Global Transition Station), while the United Kingdom observed a daily maximum temperature above 40°C for the first time in its history. Overall, the heatwave comprised four consecutive subprocesses, and the heatwave intensity peaked in the fourth subprocess (July 17–29). 2) Compared with the three typical heatwave events in the 21st century—the 2003 event (affecting western, central, and southern Europe, lasting 31 days, with a peak daily temperature of 45.2°C), the 2013 event (affecting northwestern Europe, lasting 19 days, with a peak daily temperature of 38.1°C), and the 2019 event (affecting western and central Europe, lasting 8 days, with a peak daily temperature of 42.6°C)—the 2022 heatwave exhibited the highest intensity, longest duration, and broadest spatial impact in recorded history. 3) The ECA&D (European Climate Assessment and Dataset) stations provided the highest daily temperature observations. The Global Telecommunication System stations provided the best (shortest) monitoring timeliness, and the Global Surface Summary of the Day stations provided the highest accuracy in representing historical extreme temperature records. Meanwhile, the extreme high-temperature values obtained from ERA5 were relatively lower.