Abstract: The urban waterlogging disaster resulting from the combined effects of urbanization and climate change has become increasingly severe. It is imperative to enhance the capacity of urban ecological permeable surfaces to absorb rainfall. Based on an analysis of precipitation variation characteristics, permeable surface rate, and stormwater regulation capacity in Beijing, the following conclusions are obtained: (1) From 2000 to 2024, The overall annual precipitation in six urban districts of Beijing exhibited an increasing trend, with rising intensity of daily extreme rainfall evens and more frequent summer rainstorms. Attention should be paid to the potential climate signal of increasing probability of extreme precipitation events. (2) The overall permeable surface rate in six urban districts of Beijing reached 37.15%, with urban green spaces contributing the most. Among the six central districts, Shijingshan District had the highest permeable surface rate (56.43%), while both Dongcheng and Xicheng Districts were below 30%. (3) Under scenarios of heavy rain, rainstorm, and severe rainstorm, the corresponding stormwater regulation rates in the central urban area of Beijing were 33.48%, 31.94%, and 29.37%, respectively. To further enhance the permeable surface rate and stormwater regulation capacity in Beijing, it is recommended to prioritize urban green space management measures, such as establishing multi-layered vegetation structures, reducing soil compaction, and appropriately retaining surface litter. Given the limited land resources in the central urban area, efforts should be made to increase the proportion of permeable pavements, promote green roofs, and adopt other low-impact development practices based on existing land-use types. Furthermore, it is necessary to allocate sufficient planning space for rainwater storage and drainage corridors in overall urban planning to strengthen the city’s resilience and flood risk management capacity.