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沿叶笃正先生开辟的路——从青藏高原气象学到青藏高原气候动力学

Along the road opened up by Ye Duzheng ancestors - from the Tibetan Plateau meteorology to the Tibetan Plateau dynamic meteorology

  • 摘要: 叶笃正、罗四维和朱抱真先生于1957年发表的“西藏高原及其附近的流场结构和对流层大气的热量平衡”的文章是一篇奠基性文章,开拓了青藏高原气象学的发展方向。七十年来青藏高原研究蓬勃发展。基于该划时代文章的重要结论,本文简要介绍从青藏高原气象学发展起来的青藏高原动力气象学的若干成果:包括在青藏高原“夏季是一个热源;冬季…可能是个冷源”的基础上,建立“青藏高原感热气泵(TP-SHAP)”理论,到证明青藏高原是大气的一个重要位涡源;在揭示围绕青藏高原“低层有气旋式的旋转,向上转为反气旋流型”的基础上,发展了边界位涡环流(PVC)理论,证明一个区域的气候变化受到其边界位涡环流的控制,北半球的气候变化受到穿越地表、对流层顶、和赤道剖面的位涡环流的影响;在发现青藏高原附近的平均气流场上“冬季存在着明显的西风分支、汇合”的基础上,进一步指出伴随着上部对流层的双急流经常存在经向和纬向位涡梯度都很大的上对流层锋面(UTF),对流层顶位涡环流辐合引起的扰动一旦进入上对流层锋带,沿锋带传播的波动就能够发展,导致对流层发生极端天气异常。由此证明,发展中的边界位涡环流理论是研究区域天气发展和气候变化的有效工具。

     

    Abstract: “The wind structure and heat balance in the lower troposphere over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau" published by Ye Duzheng, Luo Siwei and Zhu Baozhen in 1957 was a foundational article that opened up the development direction of the Tibetan Plateau meteorology. In the past 70 years, the study of the Tibetan Plateau has flourished. Based on the important conclusions of this epoch-making article, this paper briefly introduces some achievements of the Tibetan Plateau dynamic meteorology developed from the Tibetan Plateau meteorology: Based on the finding that the Tibetan Plateau "in summer is a heat source; in winter... may be a cold source", the theory of "TP-SHAP" was established, and the Tibetan Plateau is an important potential vorticity source in the atmosphere was proved; On the basis of revealing that "the lower layer has cyclonic rotation and turns upward to anticyclonic flow pattern" around the Plateau, the boundary potential vorticity circulation theory was developed, which proves that the climate change of a region is controlled by its boundary potential vorticity circulation, and the climate change in the northern hemisphere is affected by the potential vorticity circulations through the surface, tropopause and equatorial cross-section;On the basis of the discovery that "there are obvious double westerly branches and their confluence in winter" in the mean flow field over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau, it is further pointed out that there is often an upper tropospheric front with large longitudinal and latitudinal potential vorticity gradients accompanying the double jet stream in the upper troposphere. These progresses prove that the developing theory of boundary potential vorticity circulation is an effective tool for studying regional weather development and climate change.

     

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