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S/C波段雷达和X波段雷达混合仰角反射率拼图方法

Mosaicking Hybrid-tilt Radar Reflectivities from S- or C-band Weather Radars and X-band Weather Radars

  • 摘要: 气候变化使得灾害性天气事件发生频率增加,这对灾害性天气监测提出了更高的要求。近年来,我国许多城市组建了X波段天气雷达监测网作为对传统的S波段和C波段业务天气雷达监测网的补充,以提高灾害性天气监测的时空分辨率,同时改善对天气系统低层信息的观测。混合仰角反射率是从天气雷达覆盖范围内的多仰角反射率观测信息中,提取出的离地面最近且未受地形或地物遮挡影响的反射率,对于监测对流系统低层的发生、发展具有重要的价值。为了充分发挥S/C波段雷达探测范围广与X波段雷达观测时空分辨率高的优势,提出了S/C波段雷达和X波段雷达混合仰角反射率拼图方法,步骤包括:(1)混合仰角反射率形成;(2)不同波段雷达反射率转换;(3)多雷达反射率拼图。基于上述方法,产生了深圳市和西安市混合仰角反射率拼图产品,空间分辨率为30 m,时间分辨率为1 min。利用全球降水观测计划(Global Precipitation Measurement,简称GPM)双频测雨雷达(Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar,简称DPR)观测的反射率,通过不同降水类型的个例对拼图产品进行了评估。结果表明,混合仰角反射率拼图产品与GPM-DPR的反射率观测数据具有较高的一致性,平均偏差在±1 dB以内。

     

    Abstract: The changing climate has increased the frequency of hazardous weather events, which has placed high demands on monitoring hazardous weather. In addition to the conventional S- and C-band operational radar networks, in recent years, many cities in China have built X-band weather radar monitoring networks to improve the spatiotemporal resolution of hazardous weather monitoring and the low-level observation information of weather systems. The hybrid-tilt reflectivity is extracted from the multi-tilt radar measurements over the radar domain, which is closest to the surface and unaffected by blockage due to terrain or surface features. This reflectivity is important for monitoring the occurrence and development of convective systems. To take advantage of the wide detection range of S- or C-band weather radars and the high spatiotemporal resolution of X-band weather radars, this study presents a method for mosaicking hybrid-tilt radar reflectivities derived from the measurements of S- or C-band and X-band weather radars. This method involves (1) generating hybrid-tilt reflectivity, (2) converting radar reflectivity across different frequencies, and (3) mosaicking reflectivity measurements from multiple radars. Based on this method, the hybrid-tilt reflectivity mosaic products for Shenzhen and Xi’an are generated, which have spatial and temporal resolutions of 30 m and 1 min, respectively. These products are evaluated during different types of precipitation events using the reflectivity data from the Dual-frequency Precipitation Radar (DPR) onboard the Global Precipitation Measurement (GPM) core observatory (GPM-DPR). Results show that the hybrid-tilt reflectivity mosaic products are highly consistent with the GPM-DPR reflectivity measurements, with mean errors being within ±1 dB.

     

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