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南海台风模式成功预报“暹芭(2022)”生成原因探究

Analysis of the successful genesis forecast of

  • 摘要: 本文基于南海台风模式CMA-TRAMS,针对2022年3号台风“暹芭”,分析了台风生成的预报情况,并对比CMA-TRAMS和ECMWF模式对“暹芭”生成的预报差异,从台风胚胎发展环境、胚胎内物理过程、胚胎结构及其发展等不同方面分析探讨了CMA-TRAMS模式成功预报“暹芭”生成的原因。结果表明,72-120 h两模式预报菲律宾西侧的季风槽气旋式环流形势的显著差异,是造成两模式台风生成预报差异的直接原因。CMA-TRAMS在96-120 h预报出多个中尺度对流系统(MCSs)或中尺度涡旋(MCVs)在正涡度环境下生成、发展、合并,并组织化发展形成暖心结构,是其成功预报“暹芭”生成的重要因素。菲律宾西侧季风槽的风场预报精度可能对南海台风生成预报有重要影响,中尺度对流系统和中尺度涡旋的不断汇合、合并及组织化发展是台风生成的重要物理过程。本研究结果加深了我们对台风生成主要物理过程的理解,增进了我们对数值模式台风生成预报影响因素的认识,并为模式台风生成预报改进提供线索。

     

    Abstract: Based on the tropical regional atmospheric model system of China Meteorological Administration (CMA-TRAMS), the forecast of tropical cyclone (TC) formation for the No. 3 Typhoon Chaba in 2022 are analyzed, as well as the comparison of prediction between CMA-TRAMS and European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF). The reasons of the successful genesis prediction of CMA-TRAMS for Typhoon Chaba are investigated from different aspects such as the development environment of tropical cyclone (TC) embryos, physical processes within TC embryos, embryo structure and the corresponding development. The results indicate that numerical models are required to have good descriptive ability in the above aspects to perform well in TC generation forecast. This study is beneficial for us to understand the main physical processes and factors closely related to TC generation prediction in numerical models, and it would provide clues for the follow-up model development and improvement. The results indicate that the significant difference in the cyclonic circulation pattern of the monsoon trough in the western Philippines between the 72-120 h forecasts is the direct cause of the difference in TC generation forecasts between the two models. CMA-TRAMS predicts the generation, development, and merging of multiple mesoscale convective systems (MCSs) or mesoscale convective vortices (MCVs) in a positive vorticity environment between 96-120 h, and the organization of circulation to form warm core structures, which is important in its successful prediction of the formation of "Chaba The accuracy of wind field forecasting in the western monsoon trough of the Philippines may have a significant impact on the prediction of TC formation in the South China Sea. The continuous convergence and merging of MCSs and MCVs, and the organization of cyclone circulation are important physical processes for TC formation. The results of this study have deepened our understanding of the main physical processes involved in TC formation, enhanced our knowledge of the influencing factors of numerical model prediction for TC formation, and provided clues for improving model forecasts.

     

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