东亚夏季气溶胶—云—降水分布特征及其相互影响的资料分析

石睿; 王体健; 李树; 庄炳亮; 蒋自强; 廖镜彪; 殷长秦

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1404.13276

东亚夏季气溶胶—云—降水分布特征及其相互影响的资料分析

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1404.13276

南京大学大气科学学院, 南京210093

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划(973计划)项目2011CB403406、2014CB441203,国家人才培养基金项目J1103410

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2013-10-09
- 修回日期: 2014-04-21

The Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation Interactions during Summer in East Asia

School of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210093

摘要

摘要: 东亚季风气候受到自然因素和人类活动的共同影响,而人类活动因子中气溶胶的作用尤为关键,采用诊断分析的手段研究东亚地区气溶胶的特征及其与云和降水的相互关系具有重要的科学意义。本文利用MODIS(moderate-resolution imaging spectroradiometer)气溶胶和云资料以及TRMM(Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission)降水数据,分析了东亚夏季气溶胶、云、降水的时空分布特征,研究了气溶胶与云和降水的相互关系。结果表明:中国四个典型地区(珠三角、长三角、四川盆地、京津唐)2001～2011年夏季(6～8月)平均气溶胶光学厚度(Aerosol Optical Depth, AOD)变化范围为0.40～0.68,云光学厚度平均值为18.7～23.6,水云云滴有效粒子半径在20.2～25.6 μm,冰云有效粒子半径在12.9～15.3 μm,云水路径为222.2～243.8 g m^-2,降水强度平均值3.6～8.6 mm d^-1;珠三角气溶胶光学厚度有显著降低趋势,年倾向为-3.31%,四川盆地云滴有效粒子半径(冰云、水云)和云水路径年变化趋势为-0.42%、-0.49%和-1.26%,京津唐夏季降水量年增幅为3.24%。气溶胶光学厚度和云光学厚度呈正相关,相关系数最大为0.77;在相对湿度较低(30%～50%)情况下,气溶胶光学厚度与云滴有效粒子半径呈负相关;气溶胶光学厚度与云水路径呈正相关,相关系数最大为0.92;相对于低污染情况(AOD<0.5),高污染情况(AOD>0.5)下出现大雨(>10 mm d^-1)的频率增加了6.6%～19.1%,小雨(<1 mm d^-1)的频率减少了0.72%～7.3%。在水汽含量较少的情况下,气溶胶的增加导致云滴有效粒子半径的减少;气溶胶增强了南方地区的对流性降水,抑制了北方地区层云降水。
- 气溶胶 /
- 云 /
- 降水 /
- 卫星资料
Abstract: Aerosol-cloud-precipitation has an effect on the East Asian summer monsoon, and it is of great importance to analyze the relation amongst them. In this study, we use aerosol optical depth and cloud data from MODIS on board the Terra satellite and precipitation data from TRMM to study spatial and temporal characteristics of aerosol-cloud-precipitation interactions (ACPI). We also analyze ACPI with statistical methods. The aerosol optical depth ranges from 0.4 to 0.68 with an obvious decreasing trend in Pearl River Delta. The highest annual cloud optical depth is 23.6 and lowest 18.7. The cloud drop effective radius is ranges from 20.2 to 25.6 μm for ice clouds and 12.9 to 15.3 μm for liquid clouds. Cloud water paths range from 222.2 to 243.3 g m^-2. The precipitation rate was 3.6 to 8.6 mm d^-1. Aerosol optical depth was positively correlated with cloud optical depth (the highest, 0.77, was observed in Yangtze River Delta) and changes the cloud drop effective radius. Aerosol optical depth also has a positive correlation with cloud water path (the highest 0.92 in YRD). Heavy rains occur much more frequently under heavily-polluted conditions than lightly-polluted conditions and light rains show the opposite trend. The composition and vertical distribution of aerosols have an important effect on ACPI and need more research.
- Aerosol /
- Cloud /
- Precipitation /
- Satellite data

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