华北一次积层混合云微物理和降水特征的数值模拟与飞机观测对比研究

朱士超; 郭学良

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1405.14117

华北一次积层混合云微物理和降水特征的数值模拟与飞机观测对比研究

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1405.14117

朱士超¹,
郭学良^2,

1.
中国气象科学研究院云雾物理环境重点实验室, 北京100081;南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 南京210044;安徽省人工影响天气办公室, 合肥230031
2.
中国气象科学研究院云雾物理环境重点实验室, 北京100081;南京信息工程大学气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心, 南京210044

基金项目: 国家科技支撑计划项目2006BAC12B03, 公益性行业(气象)科研专项GYHY200806001、GYHY201306040, 江苏省普通高校研究生科研创新计划资助项目CXZZ13_0508

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2014-01-22
- 修回日期: 2014-05-23

A Case Study Comparing WRF-Model-Simulated Cloud Microphysics and Precipitation with Aircraft Measurements in Stratiform Clouds with Embedded Convection in Northern China

ZHU Shichao¹,
GUO Xueliang^2
,

1.
Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044;Anhui Weather Modification Office, Hefei 230031
2.
Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics, Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081;Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044

摘要

摘要: 为考察云数值模式中的云物理方案和对实例云物理和降水过程的模拟能力, 本文将中尺度数值模式(WRF)模拟的华北地区一次积层混合云的微物理结构特征、降水过程与国家科技支撑计划重点项目环北京地区三架飞机联合云探测实验数据以及雷达、地面降水观测数据进行了深入的比较和验证研究。结果表明:WRF 模式能够较好地模拟出此次积层混合云的云系演变、雷达回波和降水分布特征。对比结果是:(1)模式模拟的云中液态水浓度(LWC)与飞机观测值具有较好的一致性, 在3℃ 层, 飞机观测的LWC 最大值为0.8 g m^-3, 模拟的飞机路径上的LWC 最大值为0.78 g m^-3, 两者接近;在－8℃ 层, 飞机观测LWC 最大值为1.5 g m^-3, 模拟的飞机路径上的LWC 最大值为1.1 g m^-3, 模拟值偏小;在－5℃ 层以下, 模式能够准确模拟云中水凝物的垂直分布, 包括融化层的分布, 模拟的水凝物质量浓度与实测吻合。而对固态水, 在－6～－10℃, 由于模式中雪粒子凇附增长过程较大, 聚合过程发生的高度偏高, 导致模式模拟的固态水凝物质量浓度高于实测值, 说明模式在雪粒子增长过程的处理方面有待进一步改进。(2)在云粒子谱参数方面, 在－8℃ 层, 由于模拟的雪粒子质量浓度偏高, 所以模式计算的粒子谱的截距和斜率都小于飞机观测值, 模拟偏小;在－5℃ 层, 两者比较接近;在3℃ 层, 由于云中小粒子浓度逐渐减少, 所以模式计算的斜率接近观测值, 但是截距大于观测值, 说明模式降水粒子谱参数的描述方案有待改进, 模式中谱形参数μ 不应一直设置为0, 而是应该随着高度变化而变化。
- 华北积层混合云 /
- WRF模式 /
- 飞机观测 /
- 比较研究
Abstract: To verify the cloud microphysical scheme and to simulate cloud microphysics and precipitation, the authors used the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model to simulate their characteristics in stratiform clouds with embedded convection for April 18 2009, and then compared the results with data obtained during the Beijing Cloud Experiment (BCE). The results indicate that the distributions of the cloud system, radar echo, and precipitations simulated by the WRF model are in good agreement with our observations. The simulated liquid water content (LWC) is consistent with aircraft measurements, and the maximum LWCs at the －8℃ and 3℃ layers observed by the aircraft are 1.5 g m^-3 and 0.8 g m^-3, and those simulated by model are 1.1 g m-3 and 0.78 g m-3, respectively. Vertical distributions below the －5℃ layer (most cloud water is LWC) were properly simulated, and it included the melting layer. The ice water content (IWC) simulated by the model was higher than that of the observations in the range of －6 to －10℃ layer because the simulated riming process is excessive at this layer, and the aggregation process occurred in a higher layer. As such, modifications are required for cold simulation processes. At the －8℃ layer, both the intercept and slope of the particle size distributions (PSDs) simulated by the model were lower than those of the observations due to the simulated snow mass concentrations being higher than observed. At the －5℃ layer, both the simulated intercept and slope were consistent with observations. At the 3℃ layer, the simulated slope was consistent with observations, but the simulated intercept was higher than the observed value due to the decreasing concentration of small particles in the cloud, which suggests that the spectrum-shape parameter could change with cloud height.
- Stratiform clouds with embedded convections in Northern China /
- WRF model /
- Aircraft measurement /
- Comparative study

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