长三角工业区夏季近地层臭氧和颗粒物污染相互关系研究

邵平; 辛金元; 安俊琳; 王俊秀; 吴方堃; 吉东生; 王跃思

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1609.16173

长三角工业区夏季近地层臭氧和颗粒物污染相互关系研究

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.1609.16173

邵平^{1, 2,},
辛金元^{1, 2, ,},
安俊琳¹,
王俊秀¹,
吴方堃²,
吉东生²,
王跃思^{1, 2}

1.
南京信息工程大学气象灾害教育部重点实验室/气候与环境变化国际合作联合实验室/气象灾害预报预警与评估协同创新中心/中国气象局气溶胶与云降水重点开放实验室, 南京 210044
2.
中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029

基金项目:

国家重点研发计划项目 Grants 2016YFC0202001

国家重点研发计划项目 2014CB441202

国家自然科学基金项目 Grants 41375036

国家自然科学基金项目 41305135

中国科学院战略先导科技专项（B类） Grant XDB05020103

江苏省普通高校学术学位研究生科研创新计划项目 Grant KYLX_0838

详细信息

作者简介:
邵平, 男, 1986年出生, 博士研究生, 主要从事大气环境和大气化学研究.E-mail:sp@dq.cern.ac.cn

通讯作者:
辛金元, E-mail:xjy@mail.iap.ac.cn

中图分类号: P421.2
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-05-10
- 网络出版日期: 2016-09-27
- 刊出日期: 2017-05-15

An Analysis on the Relationship between Ground-Level Ozone and Particulate Matter in an Industrial Area in the Yangtze River Delta during Summer Time

Ping SHAO^{1, 2
,},
Jinyuan XIN^{1, 2
, ,},
Junlin AN¹,
Junxiu WANG¹,
Fangkun WU²,
Dongsheng JI²,
Yuesi WANG^{1, 2}

1.
Key Laboratory of Meteorological Disaster, Ministry of Education, Joint International Research Laboratory of Climate and Environment Change, Collaborative Innovation Center on Forecast and Evaluation of Meteorological Disasters, Key Laboratory for Aerosol-Cloud-Precipitation of China Meteorological Administration, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044
2.
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029

Funds:

National Key Research and Development Plan Program of China Grants 2016YFC0202001

National Key Research and Development Plan Program of China 2014CB441202

National Natural Science Foundation of China Grants 41375036

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41305135

the Chinese Academy of Sciences Strategic Priority Research Program Grant XDB05020103

and the Jiangsu Province Graduate Cultivation Innovative Project Grant KYLX_0838

摘要

摘要: 利用2013年5月15日到8月31日南京江北工业区（长三角典型工业区）同步的观测资料分析了近地层臭氧（O₃）和细颗粒物（PM_2.5）、气溶胶光学厚度（AOD）的变化特征及相互间的关系，并结合光化学箱模式分析了AOD对近地层O₃生成的影响。结果表明，观测期间PM_2.5平均质量浓度为56.2±20.1 μg m^-3；AOD（500 nm）均值为1.4±0.9；波长指数α（440~870 nm）均值为1.0±0.3。PM_2.5质量浓度24 h均值超国家二级标准20.2%，超标时AOD均值增加14.7%，α平均值增加23.9%，O₃体积分数均值减少12.3%。O₃超国家二级标准10.1%，超标时段AOD增加34.9%，α变化不显著。高温低湿条件下，O₃日变化峰值（y）和PM_2.5质量浓度（x）存在较高的线性相关。相对湿度＜60%时，两者拟合曲线为y＝0.97x+43.96（拟合度R²=0.60），温度＞32°C时，两者拟合方程为y＝1.24x+30.61（R²＝0.64）。夏季长三角工业区呈现高浓度O₃与高浓度PM_2.5叠加的大气复合污染。O₃日变化峰值和AOD变化呈显著负相关。模拟结果显示，O₃日变化峰值（y）和AOD（x）呈现极高的负相关[y＝－34.28x+181.62，R² = 0.93或y＝220.62·exp (－x/3.17)－19.50，R²＝0.99]。
- 长三角工业区 /
- 臭氧 /
- PM_2.5 /
- 气溶胶光学厚度 /
- 大气复合污染 /
- 臭氧光化学生成
Abstract: Based on the data collected from May 15th to August 31st 2013 in an industrial area of Nanjing (a representative industrial area in the Yangtze River delta), characteristics of ozone (O₃), PM_2.5 and aerosol optical depth (AOD), and the relationships between O₃ and PM_2.5 and between O₃ and AOD were analyzed. The effect of AOD on ozone formation was evaluated by the application of a detailed chemical mechanism model (NCAR MM). The average concentration of PM_2.5 was 56.2±20.1 μg m^-3, and the average AOD (500 nm) and Angstrom exponent α (440-870 nm) were 1.4±0.9 and 1.0±0.3, respectively. PM_2.5 and O₃ exceeded NAAQS-Ⅱ (the National Ambient Air Quality Standard Ⅱ) by 20.2% and 10.1%, respectively. When PM_2.5 exceeded the NAAQS-Ⅱ, the average AOD (500 nm) and α (440-870 nm) increased by 14.7% and 23.91%, respectively, and O₃ fell by 12.3%. When O₃ exceeded the NAAQS-Ⅱ, the average AOD (500 nm) increased by 34.9%, and the average α (440-870 nm) did not vary significantly. There existed a significant linear correlation between daily ozone maximum concentration (y) and PM_2.5 concentration (x) under the condition of high temperature and low relative humidity. When the relative humidity was less than 60%, the linear regression function was y＝0.97x+43.96 [R²＝0.60 (R² denotes the degree of fitting)]. When the temperature was over 32°C, the linear regression function was y＝1.24x+30.61 (R²＝0.64). There existed a negative correlation between daily ozone maximum concentration (y) and ground-observed AOD (x) in general. There existed a good negative correlation between simulated daily ozone maximum concentration (y) and ground-observed AOD (x), and the regression functions could be written as y＝－34.28x+181.62 (R²＝0.93) and/or y＝220.62·exp (－x/3.17)－19.50 (R²＝0.99).
- Industrial area /
- Ozone /
- PM_2.5 /
- Aerosol optical depth (AOD) /
- Complex air pollution /
- Ozone photochemical formation

HTML全文

图 1 观测站点地理位置及周边环境

Figure 1. Geographical location and surrounding environment of the observation station

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图 2 观测期间各气象要素、污染物浓度、气溶胶光学厚度 (AOD) 以及波长指数 (α) 的时间序列

Figure 2. Time series of meteorological elements, air pollutant concentrations, aerosol optical depth (AOD), and Angstrom exponent (α) during the observational period

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图 3 不同相对湿度 (RH) 及温度 (T) 条件下PM_2.5质量浓度和臭氧日变化峰值 (O_{3_1h_max}) 散点及拟合关系 (R²表示拟合度)

Figure 3. Scatterplots and relationships of PM_2.5 concentrations and daily ozone maximum concentrations (O_{3_1h_max}) under different relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) conditions (R² denotes the degree of fitting)

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图 4 不同相对湿度 (RH) 及温度 (T) 条件下地面AOD和臭氧日变化峰值 (O_{3_1h_max}) 散点及拟合关系 (R²表示拟合度)

Figure 4. Scatterplots and relationships of ground-based AOD and daily maximum ozone concentrations (O_{3_1h_max}) under different relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) conditions (R² denotes the degree of fitting)

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图 5 不同相对湿度 (RH) 及温度 (T) 条件下波长指数 (α) 和臭氧日变化峰值 (O_{3_1h_max}) 散点及拟合关系 (R²表示拟合度)

Figure 5. Scatterplots and relationships of Angstrom exponent (α) and daily maximum ozone concentrations (O_{3_1h_max}) under different relative humidity (RH) and temperature (T) conditions (R² denotes the degree of fitting)

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图 6 观测值和模拟值对比：气溶胶光学厚度对臭氧日变化峰值的影响 (R²表示拟合度)

Figure 6. Observation and simulation results for effect of aerosol optical depth on daily maximum ozone concentration (R² denotes the degree of fitting)

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表 1 观测仪器基本参数及标定方法

Table 1. Basic parameters and calibration methods of monitoring instruments

	NO-NO₂-NO_x分析仪	CO分析仪	O₃分析仪
检测限	0.5×10⁻⁹ min	0.04×10⁻⁶ min	1.0×10⁻⁹ min
零漂	＜0.5×10⁻⁹ (24 h)⁻¹	＜0.1×10⁻⁶ (24 h)⁻¹	＜1.0×10⁻⁹(24h)⁻¹
跨漂（满度值）	±1% (24 h) ⁻¹	±1% (24 h) ⁻¹	±1% (24 h) ⁻¹，±2% (7 d)⁻¹
标定仪器	动态气体校准器（Thermo 146i）零空气发生器（Thermo model 111）	动态气体校准器（Thermo146i）零空气发生器（Thermo model 111）	49iPS臭氧标定仪零空气发生器（Thermo model 111）
标准气体	中国国家标准物质中心制作（体积分数56.8×10⁻⁶，有效期至2016年12月）	中国国家标准物质中心制作（体积分数56.8×10⁻⁶，有效期至2016年12月）	—

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表 2 各污染物浓度、气溶胶光学厚度、波长指数 (α) 及气象参数统计描述

Table 2. Summary statistics of air pollutants concentrations, AOD, Angstrom exponent (α), and meteorological elements during the observational period

	NO (×10^-9)	NO₂(×10^-9)	NO_x(×10^-9)	CO (×10^-6)	TVOCs (×10^-9)	O₃(×10^-9)	O_{3_1h_max}(×10^-9)	O_{3_8h_max}(×10^-9)	PM_2.5/μg m^-3	AOD	α	温度/℃	相对湿度	风速/m s^-1
平均值±标准偏差	4.4±3.3	17.1±11.2	21. 5±14.0	0.7±0.44	33.2±25.2	32.1±15.2	64.8±28.9	-	56.2±20.0	1.4±0.9	1.0±0.3	28.0±4.2	66.8%±10.4%	2.4±1.4
最大值	19.8	59.4	69.9	2.1	326.7	89.9	146.4	110.3	114.9	4.3	1.7	34.4	93.4%	7.8
最小值	0.6	2.1	3.1	0.1	5.1	4.2	18.7	14.1	14.4	0.3	0.3	16.6	45.5%	0.6
国家二级标准阈值	-	106.0	-	3.5	-	-	102.0	81.6	75	-	-	-	-	-
超标天数 (有效天数)	-	0	-	0	-	-	10(99)	14(99)	20(99)	-	-	-	-	-
超标率	-	0	-	0	-	-	10.1%	14.1%	20.2%	-	-	-	-	-
注：“-”表示没有针对该项的数值；表头给出的单位是指“平均值±标准偏差”、“最大值”、“最小值”和“国家二级标准阈值”所在行数值的单位。

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表 3 所选的7个观测日的环境参量统计描述

Table 3. Summary statistics of the environmental parameters in the selected days

	AOD	O_{3_1h_max}（×10⁻⁹）	温度/℃	相对湿度	风速/m s⁻¹	各物种浓度
	AOD	O_{3_1h_max}（×10⁻⁹）	温度/℃	相对湿度	风速/m s⁻¹	烷烃（×10⁻⁹）	烯烃（×10⁻⁹）	芳香烃（×10⁻⁹）	炔烃（×10⁻⁹）	CO（×10⁻⁶）	NO_x（×10⁻⁹）
5月19日	2.9	72.9	24.9	62.5%	1.6	19.7	6.7	10.1	3.6	0.9	17.9
5月20日	2.2	93.1	24.5	58.4%	1.2	18.8	6.6	12.9	5.3	0.7	21.4
6月15日	3.4	50.0	25.8	61.9%	2.2	17.7	7.2	10.9	3.7	0.9	20.7
6月28日	2.8	56.7	27.2	62.8%	2.0	20.2	7.6	11.6	3.4	0.7	19.4
7月12日	1.3	127.5	28.6	57.5%	1.2	19.5	7.4	14.1	4.5	0.9	22.0
8月12日	1.3	125.4	29.0	58.0%	2.5	24.8	6.6	12.4	3.6	1.2	23.6
8月17日	0.8	139.8	30.3	63.8%	2.4	19.5	7.0	12.5	3.5	0.8	16.9

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