云粒子的破碎对积层混合云微物理参量测量的影响

黄敏松; 雷恒池

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.19255

云粒子的破碎对积层混合云微物理参量测量的影响

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2006.19255

黄敏松^{1, 2, 3, 4,},
雷恒池¹

1.
中国科学院大气物理研究所云降水物理与强风暴重点实验室，北京 100029
2.
南京信息工程大学江苏省气象探测与信息处理重点实验室，南京 210044
3.
南京信息工程大学大气环境与装备技术协同创新中心，南京 210044
4.
中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开放实验室，北京 100081

基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2018YFC1507900，国家自然科学基金项目41775166、41705142，南京信息工程大学江苏省气象探测与信息处理重点实验室与江苏省气象传感网技术工程中心开放基金项目KDXS1803，中国气象局云雾物理环境重点开放实验室开放课题2020Z007

详细信息

作者简介:
黄敏松，男，1983年出生，博士，高级工程师，主要从事云降水物理、大气探测研究。E-mail: mission@mail.iap.ac.cn

中图分类号: P413
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2019-12-30
- 录用日期: 2020-08-19
- 网络出版日期: 2020-08-21
- 刊出日期: 2021-03-18

Cloud Particle Shattering and Its Impact on Cloud Microphysical Parameters’ Measurement in Stratiform Clouds with Embedded Convection

Minsong HUANG^{1, 2, 3, 4
,},
Hengchi LEI¹

1.
Key Laboratory of Cloud–Precipitation Physics and Severe Storms, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
2.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Observation and Information Processing, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044
3.
Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044
4.
Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics of China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081

Funds: National Key R&D Program of China (Grant 2018YFC1507900), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grants 41775166, 41705142), Joint Program from Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Meteorological Observation and Information Processing, and Jiangsu Technology and Engineering Center of Meteorological Sensor Network, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing, China (Grant KDXS1803), Program from Key Laboratory for Cloud Physics of China Meteorological Administration (LCP/CMA) (Grant 2020Z007)

摘要

摘要: 由层状云和镶嵌在层状云中的对流单体组成的积层混合云系是一种重要的降水系统，为研究云粒子破碎对积层混合云系中对流较强区域和层云区域中的云微物理参量测量影响的差异，本文提出了一个时变阈值的破碎粒子识别方法，并利用该方法研究了破碎云粒子在层云区域与对流区域对云微物理参量测量影响的异同。经研究发现破碎粒子对粒子谱影响在小粒径端（500 μm以下）和大粒径（1000 μm以上）两端都存在，其中在层云区，破碎粒子在小粒径端的主要影响位于300 μm以下，而在对流云区，主要影响的小粒径段位于500 μm以下。就整体平均而言，破碎粒子对对流云区粒子谱的影响要比对层云区的影响高出20%以上。在粒子数浓度测量上，破碎粒子对整个层云区粒子数浓度影响的平均值是4.56倍，对整个对流云区粒子数浓度影响的平均值是8.47。与层云区相比，破碎云粒子对对流云区的粒子数浓度影响更大，其影响程度就平均而言接近2倍的关系。在冰水含量测量上，破碎粒子对整个层云区冰水含量测量影响的平均值是1.34倍，对整个对流云区冰水含量测量影响的平均值是1.74倍。与层云区相比，破碎云粒子对对流云区的冰水含量测量影响大约增加了30%。
- 层状云 /
- 嵌入式对流 /
- 破碎粒子 /
- 云微物理
Abstract: The stratiform clouds with embedded convective cells is an important precipitation system. Precise knowledge on the microphysical structure of the clouds can be very useful for the development of the weather numerical prediction model and the cloud water resource. In our study, a time-variant threshold method to identify the shattered fragments is proposed to study the different influence of the shattered particles on the microphysical measurement in the stratiform cloud region and the convection cloud region. Then the shattered impact on the particle spectrum distribution (PSD), particle number concentration, and ice water content measurement is analyzed. It is found that the influence of the shattered artifacts on the PSD can be in the two ends (<500 μm and >1000 μm). In the stratiform area the influence on the small end is less than 300 μm, while in the convective area it is less than 500 μm. On average, the shattered particles have 20% higher impact on the PSD in the convective region than that in the stratiform region. The shattered fragments can increase the particle number concentration by 4.56 times in the stratiform area while in the convective area the value is 8.47 times, which is nearly twice that of the stratiform area. The shattered artifacts can also overestimate the ice water content in the convective region more than 30% than that in the stratus.
- Stratiform clouds /
- Embedded convection /
- Shattered particle /
- Cloud microphysics

HTML全文

图 1 所选时段内云粒子成像仪(CIP)所测云中粒子图像：（a）S1；（b）C1；（c）S2；（d）S3；（e）C2；（f）S4；（g）C3；（h）S5；（i）C4。黑色方框内为测量时所产生的破碎云粒子

Figure 1. Cloud particle images measured by Cloud Imaging Probe (CIP) in the selected time (a) S1, (b) C1, (c) S2, (d) S3, (e) C2, (f) S4, (g) C3, (h) S5, (i) C4. The shattered particles produced during measurement are highlighted in the black box

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 20090418航次两个时段的粒子到达时间间隔统计：（a）S1；（b）C1

Figure 2. Statistics of the cloud particle inter-arrival time in the two selected times of the 20090418 flight: (a) S1; (b) C1

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 （a）S1时段和（b）C1时段内第一个短周期的到达时间间隔统计和曲线拟合结果

Figure 3. Inter-arrival time statistics and curve fit result of the first short period in (a) S1 and (b) C1

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 不同云区时段破碎云粒子剔除前后粒子数浓度半径分布函数比值分布：（a）层云区；（b）对流云区

Figure 4. Ratio distribution of the cloud particle number concentration with diameter in different cloud types before and after the shattered rejection: (a) Stratus; (b) convective

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 破碎云粒子剔除前后粒子谱平均比值分布

Figure 5. Ratio average distribution of the cloud particle spectrum distribution in different cloud types before and after the shattered rejection

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 所选云区时段内破碎粒子剔除前后的粒子数浓度比值（${R_{\rm{d}}}$）的统计结果：（a）层云区；（b）对流云区

Figure 6. Statistics ofthe cloud particle number concentration ratio (${R_{\rm{d}}}$) in the selected cloud area before and after the shattered rejection: (a) Stratus; (b) convective

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 所选云区时段内破碎粒子剔除前后的冰水含量比值（${R_{{\rm{IWC}}}}$）的统计结果：（a）层云区；（b）对流云区

Figure 7. Statistics of the ice water content ratio(${R_{{\rm{IWC}}}}$) in the selected area before and after the shattered rejection: (a) Stratus; (b) convective

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 所选时间内所对应的云区属性

Table 1. Cloud type in the selected time

航次	时间	云区属性	代号
20090418	17:44:30～17:46:30	层云	S1
20090418	17:48:00～17:50:00	对流云	C1
20090418	17:51:00～17:54:00	层云	S2
20090501	09:23:00～09:25:00	层云	S3
20090501	09:28:00～09:45:00	对流云	C2
20090501	09:46:00～09:51:00	层云	S4
20090501	09:52:00～10:15:00	对流云	C3
20090501	10:15:30～10:23:30	层云	S5
20090501	10:25:00～10:26:30	对流云	C4

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