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2018年1月江苏省两次暴雪过程积雪效率差异及其机理

韩汶君 虞越越 周雨蒙 陈圣劼 管兆勇 黄蔚 吴雯璐 廖良梦

韩汶君, 虞越越, 周雨蒙, 等. 2023. 2018年1月江苏省两次暴雪过程积雪效率差异及其机理[J]. 大气科学, 47(2): 273−294 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2109.21065
引用本文: 韩汶君, 虞越越, 周雨蒙, 等. 2023. 2018年1月江苏省两次暴雪过程积雪效率差异及其机理[J]. 大气科学, 47(2): 273−294 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2109.21065
HAN Wenjun, YU Yueyue, ZHOU Yumeng, et al. 2023. Snow Accumulation Efficiency Difference and Mechanism during the Two Snowstorm Events in Jiangsu Province in January 2018 [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 47(2): 273−294 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2109.21065
Citation: HAN Wenjun, YU Yueyue, ZHOU Yumeng, et al. 2023. Snow Accumulation Efficiency Difference and Mechanism during the Two Snowstorm Events in Jiangsu Province in January 2018 [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 47(2): 273−294 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2109.21065

2018年1月江苏省两次暴雪过程积雪效率差异及其机理

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2109.21065
基金项目: 国家重点研发计划项目2019YFC1510201,江苏省自然科学基金项目BK20211288,国家自然科学基金项目42075052,国家级大学生创新训练项目201810300051,国家科技支撑计划项目2011BAK21B00,中国气象局预报员专项项目CMAYBY2019-040,江苏省气象局科研项目KM202001
详细信息
    作者简介:

    韩汶君,女,1997年出生,硕士研究生,主要研究热带气旋及其动力学特征。E-mail: 1399765020@qq.com

    通讯作者:

    虞越越,E-mail: yuyy@nuist.edu.cn; 陈圣劼,E-mail: chenshengjieshiz@163.com

  • 中图分类号: P458

Snow Accumulation Efficiency Difference and Mechanism during the Two Snowstorm Events in Jiangsu Province in January 2018

Funds: National Key Research and Development Program (Grant 2019YFC1510201), Natural Science Foundation of Jiangsu Province (Grant BK20211288), National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 42075052), National College Student Innovation and Entrepreneurship Training Program (Grant 201810300051), National Key Technology R&D Program (Grant 2011BAK21B00), Special Project for Forecasters of China Meteorological Administration (Grant CMAYBY2019-040), Scientific Research Projects of Jiangsu Meteorological Bureau (Grant KM202001)
  • 摘要: 2018年1月3~5日江苏省第一次暴雪过程中降雪量大、积雪效率偏低,而1月24~28日第二次暴雪过程降雪量小、积雪效率高。基于ERA-Interim再分析资料和中国气象局积雪、近地气温等观测资料,利用等熵大气质量环流理论从温度、水汽条件差异对2018年1月江苏省两次暴雪过程积雪效率差异进行了深入分析。研究表明:(1)第一次过程前期,深厚且强盛的向极地暖支将大量暖空气输送至江苏南部,导致该地区整层增温;第二次过程中,低层强大的向赤道冷支输送使地面温度在整个降雪期间均低于0°C,低温条件使得积雪效率偏高。(2)第一次过程,江苏地区深厚、强盛的水汽质量流入层配合大范围上升运动,将水汽携带至高层产生更大降雪量,低层经向水汽质量输送强,纬向水汽质量流出较弱,使得近地面比湿相应增加,积雪效率偏低;第二次过程,低层深厚的水汽质量流出层不利于水汽在江苏省汇聚,低湿条件利于积雪累积,贡献于偏高的积雪效率。因此,异常强的经向干冷空气质量输送和弱的经向和纬向水汽质量输送引起的低温、低湿环境条件是造成第二次暴雪过程比第一次过程积雪效率偏高的主要原因。积雪效率与温度和湿度空间分布型的对比分析还表明:在相对高温、高湿的环境条件下,积雪效率对局地温度和湿度的响应更为敏感。
  • 图  1  2018年1月3~5日(a–c)日降雪量(单位:mm)、(d–f)08时(北京时,下同)积雪深度(单位:cm)、(g–i)08时积雪增量(单位:cm)、(j–l)积雪效率(单位:cm mm−1

    Figure  1.  (a–c) Daily snowfall (units: mm), (d–f) snow depth (units: cm) at 0800 BJT (Beijing time), (g–i) snow accumulation increment (units: cm) at 0800 BJT, and (j–l) snow accumulation efficiency (units: cm mm−1) on 3–5 January 2018

    图  2  2018年1月24~28日(a–e)日降雪量(单位:mm)、(f–j)08时积雪深度(单位:cm)、(k–o)08时积雪增量(单位:cm)、(p–t)积雪效率(单位:cm mm−1

    Figure  2.  (a–e) Daily snowfall (units: mm), (f–j) snow depth (units: cm) at 0800 BJT, (k–o) snow accumulation increment (unit: cm) at 0800 BJT, and (p–t) snow accumulation efficiency (units: cm mm−1) on 24–28 January 2018

    图  3  (a)2018年1月1~7日和(b)2018年1月22~31日江苏地区区域平均的日平均温度(单位:°C)高度—时间演变

    Figure  3.  Height–time evolution of regional average daily mean temperature (units: °C) in Jiangsu on (a) 1–7 January 2018 and (b) 22–31 January 2018

    图  4  (a–c)2018年1月3~5日和(d–h)2018年1月24~28日江苏区域70个基准观测站点(以下简称站点)日平均近地面气温(单位:°C)

    Figure  4.  Daily mean temperature (units: °C) of the 70 observation stations (referred to as stations in the following) near the ground in Jiangsu Province on (a–c) 3–5 January 2018 and (d–h) 24–28 January 2018

    图  5  (a)2018年1月1~7日和(b)2018年1月22~31日江苏地区区域平均比湿(单位:g kg−1)高度—时间演变

    Figure  5.  Height–time evolution of regional average specific humidity (units: g kg−1) in Jiangsu on (a) 1–7 January 2018 and (b) 22–31 January 2018

    图  6  (a–c)2018年1月3~5日和(d–h)2018年1月24~28日站点日平均比湿(单位:g kg−1

    Figure  6.  Daily mean specific humidity (units: g kg−1) of the stations on (a–c) 3–5 January 2018 and (d–h) 24–28 January 2018

    图  7  (a)2018年1月1~7日和(b)2018年1月22~31日江苏地区区域平均的等熵经向质量通量(等值线,单位:108 kg s−1)及其质量净流出量(阴影,单位:108 kg s−1)的高度—时间演变。红色实线表示由NCEP/NCAR Reanalysis 1再分析资料对流层顶温度和气压数据(https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.tropopause.html [2022-01-13])计算所得的对流层顶位温(单位:K)

    Figure  7.  Height–time evolution of regional average isentropic meridional mass flux (contours, units: 108 kg s−1) and its net mass outflow (shadings, units: 108 kg s−1) in Jiangsu on (a) 1–7 January 2018, and (b) 22–31 January 2018. Red lines represent the potential temperature (units: K) at tropopause derived from the data on air temperature and pressure at tropopause level in the NCEP/NCAR (National Centers for Environmental Prediction/National Center for Atmospheric Research) Reanalysis 1 dataset (https://www.esrl.noaa.gov/psd/data/gridded/data.ncep.reanalysis.tropopause.html [2022-01-13])

    图  8  2018年1月2~5日江苏地区(a–d)纬向(116.25°E~121.5°E)积分的等熵经向质量通量(等值线,单位:108 kg s−1)及其质量净流出(阴影,单位:108 kg s−1)的垂直—经向剖面,(e–h)经向(30°N~36°N)积分的等熵纬向质量通量(等值线,单位:108 kg s−1)及其质量净流出(阴影,单位:108 kg s−1)的垂直—纬向剖面

    Figure  8.  (a–d) Vertical–meridional cross sections of the zonal (116.25°E–121.5°E) integration of meridional mass flux (contours, units: 108 kg s−1) and its net mass outflow (shadings, units: 108 kg s−1), (e–h) vertical–zonal cross sections of the meridional (30°N–36°N) integration of zonal mass flux (contours, units: 108 kg s−1) and its net mass outflow (shadings, units: 108 kg s−1) in Jiangsu on 2–5 January 2018

    图  9  2018年1月24~29日江苏地区(a–f)纬向(116.25°E~121.5°E)积分的等熵经向质量通量(等值线,单位:108 kg s−1)及其质量净流出(阴影,单位:108 kg s−1)的垂直—经向剖面,(g–l)经向(30°N~36°N)积分的等熵纬向质量通量(等值线,单位:108 kg s−1)及其质量净流出(阴影,单位:108 kg s−1)的垂直—纬向剖面

    Figure  9.  (a–f) Vertical–meridional cross sections of the zonal (116.25°E–121.5°E) integration of meridional mass flux (contours, units: 108 kg s−1) and its net mass outflow (shadings, units: 108 kg s−1), (g–l) vertical–zonal cross sections of the meridional (30°N–36°N) integration of zonal mass flux (contours, units: 108 kg s−1) and its net mass outflow (shadings, units: 108 kg s−1) in Jiangsu on 24–29 January 2018

    图  10  2018年1月(a–c)3~5日和(d–h)24~28日江苏地区低于280 K等熵层积分的经向质量通量(等值线,单位:103 kg s−1)及其质量净流出(阴影,单位:103 kg s−1

    Figure  10.  Isentropic layer integration of meridional mass flux (contours, units: 103 kg s−1) and its net mass outflow (shadings, units: 103 kg s−1) below 280 K in Jiangsu on (a–c) 3–5 January 2018 and (d–h) 24–28 January 2018

    图  11  2018年1月(a)1~7日和(b)22~31日江苏地区区域平均垂直速度(单位:hPa s−1)的高度—时间演变

    Figure  11.  Height–time evolution of regional average vertical velocity (units: hPa s−1) in Jiangsu on (a) 1–7 January 2018 and (b) 22–31 January 2018

    图  12  2018年1月(a)1~7日和(b)22~31日江苏地区区域平均等熵经向水汽质量通量(等值线,单位:106 kg s−1)及其质量净流出(阴影,单位:106 kg s−1)的高度—时间演变。红实线表示对流层顶位温(单位:K)

    Figure  12.  Height–time evolution of regional average isentropic meridional water vapor flux (contours, units: 106 kg s−1) and its net mass outflow (shadings, units: 106 kg s−1) in Jiangsu on (a) 1–7 January 2018 and (b) 22–31 January 2018. Red lines represent the potential temperature (units: K) at the tropopause

    图  13  2018年1月2~5日江苏地区(a–d)纬向(116.25°E~121.5°E)积分的等熵经向水汽质量通量(等值线,单位:106 kg s−1)及其质量净流出(阴影,单位:106 kg s−1)的垂直—经向剖面,(e–h)经向(30°N~36°N)积分的等熵纬向水汽质量通量(等值线,单位:106 kg s−1)及其质量净流出(阴影,单位:106 kg s−1)的垂直—纬向剖面

    Figure  13.  (a–d) Vertical–meridional cross sections of the zonal (116.25°E–121.5°E) integration of meridional water vapor mass flux (contours, units: 106 kg s−1) and its net mass outflow (shadings, units: 106 kg s−1), (e–h) vertical–zonal cross sections of the meridional (30°N–36°N) integration of zonal water vapor mass flux (contours, units: 106 kg s−1) and its net mass outflow (shadings, units: 106 kg s−1) in Jiangsu on 2–5 January 2018

    图  14  2018年1月24~29日江苏地区(a–f)纬向(116.25°E~121.5°E)积分的等熵经向水汽质量通量(等值线,单位:106 kg s−1)及其质量净流出(阴影,单位:106 kg s−1)的垂直—经向剖面,(g–l)经向(30°N~36°N)积分的等熵纬向水汽质量通量(等值线,单位:106 kg s−1)及其质量净流出(阴影,单位:106 kg s−1)的垂直—纬向剖面

    Figure  14.  (a–f) Vertical–meridional cross sections of the zonal (116.25°E–121.5°E) integration of meridional water vapor mass flux (contours, units: 106 kg s−1) and its net mass outflow (shadings, units: 106 kg s−1), (g–l) vertical–zonal cross sections of the meridional (30°N–36°N) integration of zonal water vapor mass flux (contours, units: 106 kg s−1) and its net mass outflow (shadings, units: 106 kg s−1) in Jiangsu on 24–29 January 2018

    图  15  2018年1月(a–c)3~5日和(d–h)24~28日江苏地区低于280 K等熵层积分的经向水汽质量通量(等值线,单位:10 kg s−1)及其质量净流出(阴影,单位:10 kg s−1

    Figure  15.  Isentropic layer integration of meridional water vapor mass flux (contours, units: 10 kg s−1) and its net mass outflow (shadings, units: 10 kg s−1) below 280 K in Jiangsu on (a–c) 3–5 January 2018 and (d–h) 24–28 January 2018

    图  16  2018年1月(a–c)3~5日和(d–h)24~28日江苏地区低于280 K等熵层积分的纬向水汽质量通量(等值线,单位:10 kg s−1)及其质量净流出(阴影,单位:10 kg s−1

    Figure  16.  Isentropic layer integration of zonal water vapor mass flux (contours, units: 10 kg s−1) and its net mass outflow (shadings, units: 10 kg s−1) below 280 K in Jiangsu on (a–c) 3–5 January 2018 and (d–h) 24–28 January 2018

    表  1  第一次降雪过程、第二次降雪过程的逐日积雪效率和站点气温、站点比湿的空间相关系数

    Table  1.   Spatial correlation coefficient between daily snow accumulation efficiency and stations temperature, stations specific humidity in the first snowfall process and the second snowfall process

    相关系数
    第一次降雪过程第二次降雪过程
    1月3日1月4日1月5日1月24日1月25日1月26日1月27日
    站点气温−0.70*−0.150.74*−0.34*0.40*−0.11−0.43*
    站点比湿−0.46*−0.260.76*−0.33*0.21−0.00−0.33*
    注:*表示通过99%置信水平的显著性检验。
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2021-04-15
  • 录用日期:  2022-01-14
  • 网络出版日期:  2022-02-28
  • 刊出日期:  2023-03-15

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