1981～2020年青藏高原春季土壤湿度时空变化特征及其与高原季风的关系

索朗塔杰; 杜军; 卓嘎; 益西卓玛; 平措桑旦

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2111.21131

1981～2020年青藏高原春季土壤湿度时空变化特征及其与高原季风的关系

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2111.21131

索朗塔杰^{1, 2,},
杜军^{1, 2},
卓嘎^{1, 2, ,},
益西卓玛³,
平措桑旦^{1, 2}

1.
西藏高原大气环境科学研究所/西藏高原大气环境研究重点实验室，拉萨850001
2.
高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室，成都610072
3.
西藏自治区气候中心，拉萨850001

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41765012，中国气象科学研究院青藏高原与极地气象科学研究所开放课题ITPP2021K02，高原与盆地暴雨旱涝灾害四川省重点实验室开放基金项目SZKT202004、SZKT201907

详细信息

作者简介:
索朗塔杰，男，1984年出生，硕士研究生、工程师，从事高原天气气候研究工作。E-mail: Suota@nuist.edu.cn

通讯作者:
卓嘎，E-mail: zhuoga2013@yahoo.com

中图分类号: P462
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-07-21
- 录用日期: 2021-12-13
- 网络出版日期: 2021-12-29
- 刊出日期: 2022-03-16

Characteristics of the Spring Soil Moisture Evolution over the Tibetan Plateau from 1981 to 2020 and Its Relationship with the Plateau Monsoon

Tajie SUOLANG^{1, 2
,},
Jun DU^{1, 2},
Ga ZHUO^{1, 2
, ,},
Zhuoma YIXI³,
Sangdan PINGCUO^{1, 2}

1.
Tibet Plateau Atmospheric Environmental Science Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Research in Tibet Plateau, Lhasa 850001
2.
Heavy Rain and Drought-Floods Disasters in Plateau and Basin Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Chengdu 610072
3.
Tibet Autonomous Region Climate Center, Lhasa 850001

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41765012), An Open Project of the Institute of Tibetan Plateau and Polar Meteorology (Grant ITPP2021K02) supported by Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Plateau and Basin Heavy Rain, Drought and Flood Disaster, Sichuan Provincial Key Laboratory Open Fund Project (Grants SZKT202004, SZKT201907)

摘要

摘要: 本研究利用欧洲中心ERA5再分析资料的逐日土壤湿度（土壤体积含水量）、降水量、位势高度场以及风场数据，重点分析了1981～2020年高原春季浅层（0～7 cm）土壤湿度的时空变化特征，并探讨了青藏高原土壤湿度与高原季风的关系。青藏高原春季土壤湿度西北偏干，东南部相对偏湿的分布特征。对高原春季土壤湿度进行经验正交函数（EOF）分析后发现，其第一模态呈中部与东、西部反向变化特征，该模态存在准3年（2～4年）的振荡周期，这一周期特征在2000～2010年表现的更为显著；第二模态呈南北反向分布，较好地表征高原地区气候带与下垫面覆盖状况。研究发现，高原夏季风与高原春季土壤湿度变化之间存在密切的隔季相关，高原夏季风异常变化是翌年春季土壤湿度变化的主要原因。
- 青藏高原 /
- 春季土壤湿度 /
- 高原季风 /
- 气候变化 /
- 年代际变化
Abstract: This study uses the daily soil moisture (soil volumetric water content), precipitation, geopotential height field, and wind field data from the European Center ERA5 reanalysis data focusing on the analysis of the shallow (0–7 cm) soil moisture of the plateau spring from 1981 to 2020. The study also determines the characteristics of the spring soil moisture evolution over the Tibetan Plateau and discusses its relationship with the plateau monsoon. The results show that the distribution characteristics of the spring soil moisture on the Tibetan Plateau are dry in the northwest and relatively wet in the southeast. The empirical orthogonal function (EOF) analysis of the spring soil moisture in the plateau shows that the first mode has the characteristics of reverse change in the middle, east, and west. This mode has a quasi 3-year (2–4 years) oscillation period, which was more pronounced from 2000 to 2010. The second mode has a north–south reverse distribution, which better characterizes the climatic zone and underlying surface coverage in the plateau area. This study identified a close inter-season correlation between the plateau summer monsoon and plateau spring soil moisture change. The abnormal change of the plateau summer monsoon is the main reason for the spring soil moisture change in the following spring.
- Tibetan Plateau /
- Spring soil moisture /
- Plateau monsoon /
- Climate change /
- Inter-decadal variation

HTML全文

图 1 U风分量和高度场计算的高原季风指数（I_U和I_Z）对比

Figure 1. Comparison of two plateau monsoon index (I_U, I_Z) by U wind component and height field algorithms

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图 2 海拔超过2500 m的青藏高原地形图（单位：m）

Figure 2. Terrain (units: m) of the Tibetan Plateau with an altitude of more than 2500 m

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图 3 1981～2020年气候平均青藏高原春季平均土壤湿度空间分布（单位：m³ m⁻³）

Figure 3. Spatial distribution of the average spring soil moisture (units: m³ m⁻³) over the Tibetan Plateau from 1981 to 2020

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图 4 1981～2020年青藏高原春季平均土壤湿度（单位：m³ m⁻³）年际变化（折线）及其线性趋势（直线）

Figure 4. Interannual variation (broken line) and the linear trend (straight line) of the spring average soil moisture (units: m³ m⁻³) on the Tibetan Plateau from 1981 to 2020

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图 5 高原春季土壤湿度EOF（a）第一空间模态及其（b）时间变化特征（右上角百分数为谐波分解前3波累计方差贡献）。（b）中柱状图为标准化之后的时间系数，曲线为年代际分量，红色虚线表示谐波分解前3波合成，r表示线性趋势斜率

Figure 5. (a) The first spatial mode of EOF and (b) its temporal variation characteristics of the spring soil moisture on the plateau. In (b), standardized time coefficient (bar) and decadal component curve (three waves before harmonic decomposition: red dashed line); r in the figure represents the linear trend slope. The cumulative variance contribution of the first three waves of harmonic decomposition is placed in the upper-right corner

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图 6 EOF第一模态时间系数PC-1的Morlet小波功率谱分析；左图中色标为小波功率，网格处为边界效应影响域，打点区域为通过0.05显著性水平检验，右图为小波功率谱

Figure 6. Morlet wavelet power spectrum analysis diagram of the time coefficient PC-1 of the first mode from the EOF; The color mark in the left figure is the wavelet power, the grid is the influence domain of the boundary effect and the black dotted area is the 0.05 significance level test, the right picture is the wavelet power spectrum

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图 7 同图5，但为EOF2和PC-2

Figure 7. Same as Fig. 5, but for the second mode

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图 8 同图6，但为PC-2的Morlet小波功率谱分析

Figure 8. Same as Fig. 6, but for the Morlet wavelet power spectrum analysis of the time coefficients of the second mode

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图 9 （a）高原夏季风指数与高原夏季降水相关场（黑点区域表示通过0.01显著性水平检验）分布；（b）高原季风指数与春季土壤湿度的超前滞后相关序列（红色横线为0.01显著性水平参考线，打点区为通过0.01显著性水平检验）；（c）去趋势标准化的夏季风指数、春季土壤湿度以及夏季降水的年际变化

Figure 9. (a) Correlation field between the plateau summer monsoon index and plateau summer precipitation (black dots area indicate that it has passed the 0.01 significance test); (b) leading and lagging correlation diagram between the plateau monsoon index and spring soil moisture (the red horizontal line is the 0.01 significance level reference line, and the dotted area has passed the 0.01 significance test); (c) interannual variation of de-trend standardized in summer monsoon index, spring soil moisture, and summer precipitation

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图 10 1981～2020年（a）夏季（MJJ）500 hPa气候态高度场，黑色等值线表示高度场，等值线间隔为10 gpm，箭头表示风场，单位：m s⁻¹；（b）强高原夏季风年与弱高原夏季风年500 hPa位势高度差值场，打点区域为通过0.01显著性水平检验，红色实线等值线表示高度场正异常，蓝色虚线等值线表示高度场负异常，等值线间隔为10 gpm，箭头表示风场差值场，单位：m s⁻¹。右下角给出的风速大小表示只显示大于等于该值的风场；绿色等值线为青藏高原（海拔＞2500 m）边界线

Figure 10. (a) 500 hPa climatic height field in summer (MJJ), black contour lines represent the height field, and the contour interval is 10 gpm, arrows indicate wind field, units: m s⁻¹; (b) 500 hPa difference geopotential height field between the strong and weak plateau summer monsoon years from 1981 to 2020, the dotted area passes the 0.01 significance level test, the red solid contour line represents the positive height field anomaly, and the blue dotted contour line represents the height field negative anomaly. The contour interval at 10 gpm, the arrows represent the wind field difference field, unit: m s⁻¹. The arrows in the lower right corner indicate that only wind fields greater than or equal to this value are given; the green contour line is the boundary line of the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau (altitude > 2500 m)

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图 11 同图10，但为200 hPa环流场合成图

Figure 11. Same as Fig. 10but for 200hPa circulation field composite image

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图 12 高原春季土壤湿度、高原夏季风与高原夏季降水年代际分量变化特征（谐波分解前3波）。右上角图例括号中给出各要素前3波累计方差贡献率，要素之间的相关系数在右下角给出

Figure 12. Variation of interdecadal components of the plateau spring soil moisture, plateau summer monsoon, and plateau summer precipitation (the first three waves of harmonic decomposition). In the brackets of the legend in the upper-right corner, the contribution rate of the cumulative variance of the first three waves of each element is given. The correlation coefficients between the elements are given in the lower-right corner

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