Abstract: Based on the round-trip radiosonde test data of Anqing, Changsha, Ganzhou, Nanchang, Yichang, and Wuhan from June 2, 2018 to November 14, 2019, the turbulent layer thickness, logarithmic turbulent dissipation rate, Thorpe scale, and buoyancy frequency are calculated using the Thorpe analysis method. The probability, horizontal, and vertical distribution features are also analyzed. This radiosonde data has high observation accuracy and a vertical resolution of 6–10 meters, extending to an altitude of about 30 kilometers. Turbulence can be measured throughout the troposphere and lower stratosphere. Based on turbulence characteristics analysis, this study compares the differences between stations and observation results in the rising and falling sections. The logarithmic turbulent dissipation rate representing the magnitude of \varepsilon has two modes that decrease to both sides, with peak centers at −35 m² s⁻³ and −5 m² s⁻³, respectively. The troposphere is more concentrated in the peak center than the stratosphere, and the troposphere’s peak center value is slightly larger than that of the stratosphere, indicating that the turbulence in the stratosphere is relatively weaker than that in the troposphere. The horizontal and vertical distribution of the three parameters of logarithmic turbulence dissipation rate, Thorpe scale, and buoyancy frequency shows that the configuration of L_T and N² affects turbulence intensity, and the troposphere and stratosphere features are opposite. This research reveals the potential of high-resolution round-trip radiosonde network observation data for studying free atmospheric turbulence characteristics and its advantages over traditional radiosonde data.