黄山和沈阳大气冰核数浓度及核化机制对比分析

苏航; 银燕; 周德平; 王金虎; 刘玉彻; 夏佳琦; 任科锦

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2210.21148

黄山和沈阳大气冰核数浓度及核化机制对比分析

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2210.21148

1.
辽宁省气象台, 沈阳110166
2.
南京信息工程大学, 南京210044
3.
中国气象局沈阳大气环境研究所, 沈阳110166

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41505120，辽宁省气象局项目 Y201601

详细信息

作者简介:
苏航，男，1984年出生，博士研究生，高级工程师，主要从事大气冰核研究。E-mail: charlie_gna@163.com

中图分类号: P401
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- 文章访问数: 91
- HTML全文浏览量: 25
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2021-08-11
- 录用日期: 2023-02-03
- 网络出版日期: 2023-02-20
- 刊出日期: 2023-05-15

Comparative Analysis of Atmospheric Ice Nucleation Concentration and Nuclei Mechanism in Huangshan and Shenyang

1.
Liaoning Meteorological Station, Shenyang 110166
2.
Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044
3.
Shenyang Institute of Atmospheric Environment, China Meteorological Administration, Shenyang 110166

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41505120), Liaoning Meteorological Bureau Foundation (Grant Y201601)

摘要

摘要: 本研究利用Bigg型混合云室及静力真空水汽扩散云室FRIDGE，结合其他气象要素观测设备，对黄山及沈阳为地域代表的各自三层不同高度大气冰核数浓度进行梯度对比观测，得出黄山及沈阳为地域代表各自三层不同高度大气冰核数浓度随高度、时间、活化温度、活化湿度、粒径大小等的变化规律，并对不同时空条件、不同核化条件、不同粒子条件下大气冰核的凝结冻结核化和凝华核化机制进行对比分析。对黄山及沈阳大气冰核的浓度分别拟合参数化公式，对黄山及沈阳不同区域的人工增减雨作业提供研究基础。
- 大气冰核 /
- 云室 /
- 核化机制 /
- 数浓度
Abstract: Herein, atmospheric ice nuclei gradient observation results from Huangshan and Shenyang were used as a representative. Using advanced international instruments for atmospheric ice nuclei observation and Bigg-type mixed and diffusion cloud chambers combined with meteorological element observation equipment, variation in the atmospheric ice nuclei number concentration with height, time, temperature, humidity, and particle size in Huangshan and Shenyang of China is analyzed. Two main mechanisms of atmospheric ice nuclei under different space locations, environmental conditions, and particle sizes are obtained. Finally, based on the above observations and research results, the parameter schemes of atmospheric ice nuclei in typical areas of northern and southern China are fitted with parameter formulas, and the attribute differences of atmospheric ice nuclei number concentration and nucleation mechanism in northern and southern China are finally obtained. Thus, it provides a theoretical basis for different artificial precipitation reduction operations in northern and southern China.
- Ice nuclei /
- Cloud chamber /
- Nucleation mechanism /
- Numerical concentration

HTML全文

图 1 黄山观测地点分布。图中数字代表距离（单位：km）

Figure 1. Distribution of Huangshan observation sites. Numbers indicate distance (units: km)

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图 2 沈阳飞机观测飞行路线

Figure 2. Route map of aircraft observation flight in Shenyang

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图 3 5LBigg型混合云室结构示意图

Figure 3. Schematic showing a 5L Bigg-type mix cloud chamber

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图 4 静力真空水汽扩散云室结构图

Figure 4. The schematic diagram of static vacuum vapor diffusion cloud chamber

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图 5 不同核化机制条件下黄山大气冰核数浓度及其标准偏差随高度的变化：（a）总核化机制；（b）凝结核化冰核机制；（c）凝华核化冰核机制

Figure 5. Variation in atmospheric ice nuclei number concentration and its standard deviation with altitude under different nucleation mechanisms in Huangshan: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

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图 6 不同核化机制条件下沈阳大气冰核数浓度及其标准偏差随高度的变化：（a）总核化机制；（b）凝结核化冰核机制；（c）凝华核化冰核机制

Figure 6. Variation in atmospheric ice nuclei number concentration and its standard deviation with altitude under different nucleation mechanisms in Shenyang: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

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图 7 黄山夏季不同高度、不同核化机制冰核数浓度日变化：（a）总核化机制；（b）凝结核化冰核机制；（c）凝华核化冰核机制

Figure 7. Diurnal variation in ice nucleation number concentration under different heights and nucleation mechanisms in Huangshan in summer: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

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图 8 沈阳夏季不同高度、不同核化机制冰核数浓度日变化：（a）总核化机制；（b）凝结核化冰核机制；（c）凝华核化冰核机制

Figure 8. Diurnal variation in ice nucleation number concentration under different heights and nucleation mechanisms in Shenyang in summer: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

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图 9 黄山山顶不同核化机制冰核数浓度随活化温度的变化：（a）总核化机制；（b）凝结核化冰核机制；（c）凝华核化冰核机制

Figure 9. Variation in ice nucleation number concentration with activation temperature under different nucleation mechanisms at the top of the Huangshan Mountain: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

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图 10 沈阳高层不同核化机制冰核数浓度随活化温度的变化：（a）总核化机制；（b）凝结核化冰核机制；（c）凝华核化冰核机制

Figure 10. Variation in ice nucleation number concentration with activation temperature under different nucleation mechanisms at the top of Shenyang: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

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图 11 黄山山顶不同核化机制冰核数浓度活化随湿度的变化：（a）凝结核化冰核机制；（b）凝华核化冰核机制

Figure 11. Variation in ice nucleation number concentration activation under different nucleation mechanisms at the top of the Huangshan Mountain: (a) Condensation nucleation mechanism; (b) deposition nucleation mechanism

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图 12 沈阳高层不同核化机制冰核数浓度活化随湿度的变化：（a）凝结核化冰核机制；（b）凝华核化冰核机制

Figure 12. Variation in ice nucleation number concentration activation under different nucleation mechanisms at the top of Shenyang: (a) Condensation nucleation mechanism; (b) deposition nucleation mechanism

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图 13 黄山山顶大气冰核浓度与不同粒径范围气溶胶数浓度的相关性：（a）总核化机制；（b）凝结核化冰核机制；（c）凝华核化冰核机制

Figure 13. Correlation between atmospheric ice nuclei number concentration and aerosol number concentration at different size ranges at the top of the Huangshan Mountain: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

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图 14 沈阳高层大气冰核浓度与不同粒径范围气溶胶数浓度的相关性：（a）总核化机制；（b）凝结核化冰核机制；（c）凝华核化冰核机制

Figure 14. Correlation between atmospheric ice nuclei numerical concentration and aerosol number concentration at different size ranges at the top of Shenyang: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

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表 1 上午10:00黄山、沈阳不同高度大气冰核数浓度背景值

Table 1. Background values of atmospheric ice nuclei numerical concentration at 1000 BJT (Beijing time) at different altitudes in Huangshan and Shenyang

位置	活化温度/°C	活化湿度	冰核数浓度/L⁻¹	所用云室
黄山山顶	−20	相对湿度达100%，时长10 min	16.42	混合云室
	−20	5%水面过饱和，时长10 min	0.731	扩散云室
	−20	5%冰面过饱和，时长10 min	0.154	扩散云室
黄山山腰	−20	相对湿度达100%，时长10 min	18.06	混合云室
	−20	5%水面过饱和，时长10 min	0.743	扩散云室
	−20	5%冰面过饱和，时长10 min	0.162	扩散云室
黄山山底	−20	相对湿度达100%，时长10 min	20.64	混合云室
	−20	5%水面过饱和，时长10 min	0.751	扩散云室
	−20	5%冰面过饱和，时长10 min	0.186	扩散云室
沈阳高层	−20	相对湿度达100%，时长10 min	25.16	混合云室
	−20	5%水面过饱和，时长10 min	0.882	扩散云室
	−20	5%冰面过饱和，时长10 min	0.246	扩散云室
沈阳中层	−20	相对湿度达100%，时长10 min	31.52	混合云室
	−20	5%水面过饱和，时长10 min	1.132	扩散云室
	−20	5%冰面过饱和，时长10 min	0.341	扩散云室
沈阳低层	−20	相对湿度达100%，时长10 min	47.66	混合云室
	−20	5%水面过饱和，时长10 min	1.961	扩散云室
	−20	5%冰面过饱和，时长10 min	0.484	扩散云室

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表 2 不同地域冰核温度谱公式对比

Table 2. The comparison of ice nuclei-temperature spectra equations in different region

地点	文献	核化机制	温度谱公式
澳大利亚	Fletcher（1962）	凝结冻结、凝华	N=10⁻⁵×exp(−0.6×T)
中国北京	游来光和石安英（1964）	凝华、凝结冻结、接触冻结、浸润冻结	N=0.0025×exp(−0.389×T)
美国	Meyers et al （1992）	接触冻结	N=0.06×exp(−0.262×T)
中国玛曲	李娟和黄庚（2001）	凝华、凝结冻结、接触冻结、浸润冻结	N=0.0035×exp(−0.38×T)
中国北京	游来光等（2002）	凝华、凝结冻结、接触冻结、浸润冻结	N=0.034×exp(−0.395×T)
南极	Ardon et al（2011）	浸润冻结	N=3×10⁻⁷×exp(−0.66×T)
中国黄山	本文	凝华、凝结冻结、接触冻结、浸润冻结	N=0.0046×exp(−0.388×T)
中国黄山	本文	凝结冻结	N=0.00003×exp(−0.496×T)
中国黄山	本文	凝华	N=0.00002×exp(−0.489×T)
中国沈阳	本文	凝华、凝结冻结、接触冻结、浸润冻结	N=0.0072×exp(−0.542×T)
中国沈阳	本文	凝结冻结	N=0.00005×exp(−0.578×T)
中国沈阳	本文	凝华	N=0.00003×exp(−0.612×T)

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