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黄山和沈阳大气冰核数浓度及核化机制对比分析

苏航 银燕 周德平 王金虎 刘玉彻 夏佳琦 任科锦

苏航, 银燕, 周德平, 等. 2023. 黄山和沈阳大气冰核数浓度及核化机制对比分析[J]. 大气科学, 47(3): 667−682 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2210.21148
引用本文: 苏航, 银燕, 周德平, 等. 2023. 黄山和沈阳大气冰核数浓度及核化机制对比分析[J]. 大气科学, 47(3): 667−682 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2210.21148
SU Hang, YIN Yan, ZHOU Deping, et al. 2023. Comparative Analysis of Atmospheric Ice Nucleation Concentration and Nuclei Mechanism in Huangshan and Shenyang [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 47(3): 667−682 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2210.21148
Citation: SU Hang, YIN Yan, ZHOU Deping, et al. 2023. Comparative Analysis of Atmospheric Ice Nucleation Concentration and Nuclei Mechanism in Huangshan and Shenyang [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 47(3): 667−682 doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2210.21148

黄山和沈阳大气冰核数浓度及核化机制对比分析

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2210.21148
基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41505120,辽宁省气象局项目 Y201601
详细信息
    作者简介:

    苏航,男,1984年出生,博士研究生,高级工程师,主要从事大气冰核研究。E-mail: charlie_gna@163.com

  • 中图分类号: P401

Comparative Analysis of Atmospheric Ice Nucleation Concentration and Nuclei Mechanism in Huangshan and Shenyang

Funds: National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant 41505120), Liaoning Meteorological Bureau Foundation (Grant Y201601)
  • 摘要: 本研究利用Bigg型混合云室及静力真空水汽扩散云室FRIDGE,结合其他气象要素观测设备,对黄山及沈阳为地域代表的各自三层不同高度大气冰核数浓度进行梯度对比观测,得出黄山及沈阳为地域代表各自三层不同高度大气冰核数浓度随高度、时间、活化温度、活化湿度、粒径大小等的变化规律,并对不同时空条件、不同核化条件、不同粒子条件下大气冰核的凝结冻结核化和凝华核化机制进行对比分析。对黄山及沈阳大气冰核的浓度分别拟合参数化公式,对黄山及沈阳不同区域的人工增减雨作业提供研究基础。
  • 图  1  黄山观测地点分布。图中数字代表距离(单位:km)

    Figure  1.  Distribution of Huangshan observation sites. Numbers indicate distance (units: km)

    图  2  沈阳飞机观测飞行路线

    Figure  2.  Route map of aircraft observation flight in Shenyang

    图  3  5LBigg型混合云室结构示意图

    Figure  3.  Schematic showing a 5L Bigg-type mix cloud chamber

    图  4  静力真空水汽扩散云室结构图

    Figure  4.  The schematic diagram of static vacuum vapor diffusion cloud chamber

    图  5  不同核化机制条件下黄山大气冰核数浓度及其标准偏差随高度的变化:(a)总核化机制;(b)凝结核化冰核机制;(c)凝华核化冰核机制

    Figure  5.  Variation in atmospheric ice nuclei number concentration and its standard deviation with altitude under different nucleation mechanisms in Huangshan: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

    图  6  不同核化机制条件下沈阳大气冰核数浓度及其标准偏差随高度的变化:(a)总核化机制;(b)凝结核化冰核机制;(c)凝华核化冰核机制

    Figure  6.  Variation in atmospheric ice nuclei number concentration and its standard deviation with altitude under different nucleation mechanisms in Shenyang: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

    图  7  黄山夏季不同高度、不同核化机制冰核数浓度日变化:(a)总核化机制;(b)凝结核化冰核机制;(c)凝华核化冰核机制

    Figure  7.  Diurnal variation in ice nucleation number concentration under different heights and nucleation mechanisms in Huangshan in summer: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

    图  8  沈阳夏季不同高度、不同核化机制冰核数浓度日变化:(a)总核化机制;(b)凝结核化冰核机制;(c)凝华核化冰核机制

    Figure  8.  Diurnal variation in ice nucleation number concentration under different heights and nucleation mechanisms in Shenyang in summer: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

    图  9  黄山山顶不同核化机制冰核数浓度随活化温度的变化:(a)总核化机制;(b)凝结核化冰核机制;(c)凝华核化冰核机制

    Figure  9.  Variation in ice nucleation number concentration with activation temperature under different nucleation mechanisms at the top of the Huangshan Mountain: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

    图  10  沈阳高层不同核化机制冰核数浓度随活化温度的变化:(a)总核化机制;(b)凝结核化冰核机制;(c)凝华核化冰核机制

    Figure  10.  Variation in ice nucleation number concentration with activation temperature under different nucleation mechanisms at the top of Shenyang: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

    图  11  黄山山顶不同核化机制冰核数浓度活化随湿度的变化:(a)凝结核化冰核机制;(b)凝华核化冰核机制

    Figure  11.  Variation in ice nucleation number concentration activation under different nucleation mechanisms at the top of the Huangshan Mountain: (a) Condensation nucleation mechanism; (b) deposition nucleation mechanism

    图  12  沈阳高层不同核化机制冰核数浓度活化随湿度的变化:(a)凝结核化冰核机制;(b)凝华核化冰核机制

    Figure  12.  Variation in ice nucleation number concentration activation under different nucleation mechanisms at the top of Shenyang: (a) Condensation nucleation mechanism; (b) deposition nucleation mechanism

    图  13  黄山山顶大气冰核浓度与不同粒径范围气溶胶数浓度的相关性:(a)总核化机制;(b)凝结核化冰核机制;(c)凝华核化冰核机制

    Figure  13.  Correlation between atmospheric ice nuclei number concentration and aerosol number concentration at different size ranges at the top of the Huangshan Mountain: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

    图  14  沈阳高层大气冰核浓度与不同粒径范围气溶胶数浓度的相关性:(a)总核化机制;(b)凝结核化冰核机制;(c)凝华核化冰核机制

    Figure  14.  Correlation between atmospheric ice nuclei numerical concentration and aerosol number concentration at different size ranges at the top of Shenyang: (a) Total nucleation mechanism; (b) condensation nucleation mechanism; (c) deposition nucleation mechanism

    表  1  上午10:00黄山、沈阳不同高度大气冰核数浓度背景值

    Table  1.   Background values of atmospheric ice nuclei numerical concentration at 1000 BJT (Beijing time) at different altitudes in Huangshan and Shenyang

    位置活化温度/°C活化湿度冰核数浓度/L−1所用云室
    黄山山顶−20相对湿度达100%,时长10 min16.42混合云室
    −205%水面过饱和,时长10 min0.731扩散云室
    −205%冰面过饱和,时长10 min0.154扩散云室
    黄山山腰−20相对湿度达100%,时长10 min18.06混合云室
    −205%水面过饱和,时长10 min0.743扩散云室
    −205%冰面过饱和,时长10 min0.162扩散云室
    黄山山底−20相对湿度达100%,时长10 min20.64混合云室
    −205%水面过饱和,时长10 min0.751扩散云室
    −205%冰面过饱和,时长10 min0.186扩散云室
    沈阳高层−20相对湿度达100%,时长10 min25.16混合云室
    −205%水面过饱和,时长10 min0.882扩散云室
    −205%冰面过饱和,时长10 min0.246扩散云室
    沈阳中层−20相对湿度达100%,时长10 min31.52混合云室
    −205%水面过饱和,时长10 min1.132扩散云室
    −205%冰面过饱和,时长10 min0.341扩散云室
    沈阳低层−20相对湿度达100%,时长10 min47.66混合云室
    −205%水面过饱和,时长10 min1.961扩散云室
    −205%冰面过饱和,时长10 min0.484扩散云室
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  不同地域冰核温度谱公式对比

    Table  2.   The comparison of ice nuclei-temperature spectra equations in different region

    地点文献核化机制温度谱公式
    澳大利亚Fletcher(1962)凝结冻结、凝华N=10−5×exp(−0.6×T)
    中国北京游来光和石安英(1964)凝华、凝结冻结、接触冻结、浸润冻结N=0.0025×exp(−0.389×T)
    美国Meyers et al (1992)接触冻结N=0.06×exp(−0.262×T)
    中国玛曲李娟和黄庚(2001)凝华、凝结冻结、接触冻结、浸润冻结N=0.0035×exp(−0.38×T)
    中国北京游来光等(2002)凝华、凝结冻结、接触冻结、浸润冻结N=0.034×exp(−0.395×T)
    南极Ardon et al(2011)浸润冻结N=3×10−7×exp(−0.66×T)
    中国黄山本文凝华、凝结冻结、接触冻结、浸润冻结N=0.0046×exp(−0.388×T)
    中国黄山本文凝结冻结N=0.00003×exp(−0.496×T)
    中国黄山本文凝华N=0.00002×exp(−0.489×T)
    中国沈阳本文凝华、凝结冻结、接触冻结、浸润冻结N=0.0072×exp(−0.542×T)
    中国沈阳本文凝结冻结N=0.00005×exp(−0.578×T)
    中国沈阳本文凝华N=0.00003×exp(−0.612×T)
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-08-11
  • 录用日期:  2023-02-03
  • 网络出版日期:  2023-02-20
  • 刊出日期:  2023-05-15

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