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一次强对流风暴过程的人工防雹作业雷达回波演变特性分析

Analysis of Radar Echo Evolution Characteristics of a Severe-Convective-Storm Artificial Hail Suppression Operation

  • 摘要: 本文利用北京、天津两部CINRAD/SA雷达观测资料,对2021年6月30日影响北京地区的一次强对流风暴过程中的A、B两个对流单体的人工影响天气作业雷达回波演变特性进行了分析。通过对统计区域内多种物理参数和不同高度层不同反射率强度档的格点数在单体发展各阶段及作业前后的变化分析,得到不同强度单体在不同作业情况的演变特性的认识。单体B为普通对流云团(生命期为3 h),在发展初期进行大剂量作业后(24分钟内有效作业火箭74发,高炮58发)可以看到有较好的抑制单体发展的特征,作业后一小时内,单体各高度层平均反射率、风暴体高度、垂直累积液态水等参数都呈下降趋势。较强回波(30~60 dBZ档区)格点数总体减少,较弱回波(20~30 dBZ档区)格点数快速增加,对流结构整体减弱。而单体A为超级单体(生命期为5.5 h),初生阶段由于作业剂量不足(30分钟内有效作业火箭15发),未见明显抑制效果。临近成熟阶段进行了连续大剂量作业(80分钟内有效作业火箭105发,高炮182发),虽然也能观测到类似B回波的一些特征,如,高层平均反射率、云顶高度、强回波厚度、垂直累积液态水等参数下降,较大反射率强度档区(50~70 dBZ档区)格点数减少,低层较小反射率强度档区(30~50 dBZ档区)格点数增多,并维持约30分钟的效果,但整体针对超级单体A的作业抑制效果不明显。

     

    Abstract: Based on the CINRAD/SA radar observations in Beijing and Tianjin, the radar echo evolution characteristics of convective cells A and B in a severe convective storm affecting Beijing on 30 June 2021, are analyzed herein. The variation in various physical parameters and the number of grid points of different reflectivity intensity grades in different stages of cell development are analyzed before and after operation in the statistical area, obtaining the evolution characteristics of cells with different strengths under different operating conditions. The results show that cell B is a normal convective cloud cluster (lifetime=3 h). After the large dose operation (74 rockets and 58 antiaircraft guns are effectively operated within 24 min) in the early stage of development, cell B has good characteristics of inhibiting cell development. Parameters such as mean reflectivity, storm body height, and vertically integrated liquid water at different heights of the storm body show a downward trend. The number of grid points of the stronger echo (30–60 dBZ) and the weaker echo (20–30 dBZ) decreases and rapidly increases, respectively, and the convection structure weakens overall. Cell A is a supercell (lifetime=5.5 h), and no obvious inhibition effect is apparent in the initial stage because of an insufficient operating dose (15 rockets are effectively operated within 30 min). Near the mature stage, continuous high-dose operations are performed (105 rockets and 182 antiaircraft guns are effectively operated within 80 min). Although characteristics similar to echo B are also observed, the average reflectivity, cloud top height, strong echo thickness, vertically integrated liquid water, and other parameters in the upper layer decrease; further, the number of grid points decreases in the higher-reflectivity intensity range (50–70 dBZ) and increases and lasts for approximately 30 min in the lower-reflectivity intensity range (30–50 dBZ). However, the overall work suppression effect on supercell A is subtle.

     

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