Research Directions and Keywords under the Secondary Application Codes of the Atmospheric Sciences Discipline of the National Natural Science Foundation of China: D0502 Climate and Climate System
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摘要: 为了推动我国基础研究的高质量发展，国家自然科学基金委员会对学科布局和申请代码进行了优化调整。按照科学基金改革的总体部署，2019年以来大气科学学科开展了申请代码调整工作并设置了15个二级申请代码。本文从申请代码调整的背景、逻辑框架、内涵构成等方面对二级申请代码D0502“气候与气候系统”的7个研究方向及其对应的关键词进行解读。在此基础上，对近两年D0502申请代码下的面上项目、青年科学基金项目和地区科学基金项目的总体申请情况进行了分析，以帮助相关科研人员及时把握D0502申请代码的发展趋势，并充分理解研究方向与关键词的内涵和逻辑关系，从而为项目申请时更准确地选择相应的研究方向与关键词提供参考。Abstract: To promote the development of high-quality basic research, the National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) has launched new reforms to optimize the layout of the discipline and its application codes. The discipline of atmospheric sciences in the Department of Earth Sciences of NSFC optimized the application code system and set up 15 application sub-codes since 2019 as its reform objectives. This article describes the background of the reforms, the logic structure, and the connotation for application code D0502 (Climate and Climate System), together with keywords for seven related research directions. Project application and funding of General Program, Young Scientists Fund and Fund for Less Developed Regions for application code D0502 during 2020–2021 are reviewed. This article aims to help researchers to learn about the development tendency of sub-discipline and to better understand the logical structure and connotation of D0502, providing a reference for a reasonable selection of research directions and corresponding keywords.
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图 1 D0502申请代码的研究方向设置总体构架
Figure 1. Framework of research directions setting for application code D0502 Climate and Climate System
图 2 （a）2020、（b）2021年度D0502申请代码“面青地”项目申请4类科学科学问题属性占比
Figure 2. Proportion of project funding of General Program, Young Scientists Fund, and Fund for Less-Developed Regions with four scientific natures of research for application code D0502 in (a) 2020 and (b) 2021
图 3 2020～2021年D0502申请代码前30个关键词出现频次统计
Figure 3. Frequency statistics for top 30 keywords for application code D0502 in the years 2020–2021
表 1 D0502申请代码下设研究方向及关键词
Table 1. Research directions and keywords for application code D0502
序号 研究方向 关键词 1 季风变异及影响 季风、东亚季风、南亚季风、南海季风、高原季风、东亚夏季风、东亚冬季风、亚澳季风、副热带高压、急流、南亚高压、西伯利亚高压、东亚大槽、海表温度、海冰、陆面过程、青藏高原、次季节变化、年际变化、年代际变化 2 极端气候变化与机理 极端温度、极端降水、高温热浪、寒潮、暴雪、干旱、暴雨、热带气旋、强对流、频率、强度、重现期、突变、趋势、大气环流、外强迫因子、内部变率、统计降尺度、动力降尺度、预估 3 热带海气相互作用 太平洋、大西洋、印度洋、暖池、黑潮、季节内振荡（MJO）、厄尔尼诺与南方涛动（ENSO）、印度洋偶极子（IOD）、哈德莱（Hadley）环流、沃克（Walker）环流、热含量、热通量、混合层、温跃层、海洋锋、热带波动、对流活动、风应力、海气耦合、机理 4 中高纬气候系统变异及影响 西风急流、阻塞高压、冷空气活动、极涡、北极涛动、南极涛动、遥相关、北极增暖、大西洋多年代际振荡（AMO）、太平洋年代际振荡（PDO）、经向翻转环流、积雪、冻土、冰盖、冰—气相互作用、海—气相互作用、陆—气相互作用、大气内部过程、对流层—平流层相互作用、机制 5 气候系统能量、物质循环与多圈层相互作用 大气、海洋、陆地、植被、冰雪、湖泊、能量循环、水分循环、生物地球化学循环、碳氮循环、土壤水热传输、地气交换、海气交换、湍流通量、感热通量、潜热通量、碳通量、淡水通量、参数化、地球系统模式 6 人类活动对气候系统的影响 人类活动、自然强迫、全球变暖、排放情景、大气成分、温室气体、气溶胶、城市化、土地利用/土地覆盖变化、辐射强迫、云物理过程、生物物理过程、气候变化、气候响应、气候反馈、检测与归因、地球工程、数值模拟、气候敏感性、不确定性 7 气候预测 温度、降水、延伸期预报、次季节预测、季节预测、年代际预测、可预测性、气候异常、物理机制、预测因子、预测方法、回报试验、降尺度、资料同化、集合预报、统计预测、动力预测、概率预测、气候模式、预测系统 
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表 2 2020～2021年度D0502申请代码“面青地”项目申请与资助情况
Table 2. Overview of project application and funding of General Program, Young Scientists Fund, and Fund for Less Developed Regions for application code D0502 during 2020–2021
年度 申请类型 申请数 占D05申请总数比例 获资助数 获资助率 2020 面上 115 / 31 27.0% 青年 118 / 32 27.1% 地区 12 / 3 25.0% 面青地 245 16.1% 66 26.9% 2021 面上 115 / 39 33.9% 青年 145 / 29 20.0% 地区 8 / 3 37.5% 面青地 268 15.8% 71 26.5%
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