Research Directions and Keywords under the Secondary Application Codes of the Atmospheric Sciences Discipline of the National Natural Science Foundation of China: D0509 Atmospheric Observation, Remote Sensing and Detection Technology and Methods
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摘要: 为顺应新一轮科技发展革命，国家自然科学基金委员会积极开展了以“优化学科布局”为主要任务之一的改革工作，学科申请代码的调整是该任务的重要组成部分和切入点。从2019年到2022年，国家自然科学基金委大气科学学科对二级申请代码进行了调整，将与大气探测相关的研究归并至“D0509大气观测、遥感和探测技术与方法”，并将其定义为“支撑技术”板块，以区别于“分支学科”和“发展领域”。本文对D0509二级代码的修订过程进行了介绍，并从大气观测、遥感和探测技术与方法的重要性、内涵与外延、发展趋势等视角，对相关的研究方向和关键词进行了解读。特别是从学科基础层面和具体应用层面两个维度，对D0509下设的六大研究方向，以及各方向的关键词进行分析，有助于申请人和评审专家根据自己的学术背景准确挑选关键词，以利于申请书的精准评审。本文可以为科研人员在基金申请过程中关键词的选择提供参考。Abstract: The National Natural Science Foundation of China has actively pursued reform work, with “optimizing the layout of disciplines” as one of the primary tasks, and the adjustment of discipline application codes is an important component and entry point of this task. This work is being done in order to adapt to the new round of scientific and technological development. From 2019 to 2022, the Department of Atmospheric Sciences of the National Natural Science Foundation of China reformed the secondary application codes. D0509, “Atmospheric observation, remote sensing, and detection technologies and methods,” incorporated all atmospheric observation research. The D0509 is defined as “supporting technologies” to differentiate it from “sub-disciplines” and “development areas” of science. At present, D0509 has designed six research avenues from two perspectives, based on the basic level of the discipline and the specific application level, with approximately 20 keywords for each direction. This article describes the reforming process of the D0509 code and interprets the research directions and keywords from the perspectives of the importance, connotation, extension, and development trend of atmospheric observation, remote sensing, and detection technologies and methods. It helps applicants and review experts accurately select keywords according to their academic backgrounds and facilitates the accurate matching of proper reviewers to each proposal.
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图 1 “D0509大气观测、遥感和探测技术与方法”的6个研究方向之间的逻辑关系及与其他二级代码的关系
Figure 1. Relationship between the six research directions in D0509 “Atmospheric Observation, Remote Sensing and Detection Technology and Methods” and the relationship with other secondary application codes
表 1 “D0509大气观测、遥感和探测技术与方法”研究方向和关键词
Table 1. Research directions and keywords of D0509 "Atmospheric Observation, Remote Sensing, Detection Technology and Methods"
序号 代码下设研究方向 关键词 1 大气观测基本原理和反演方法 探测理论类：气体吸收、光谱学、激光光谱、光学特性计算、辐射传输理论、湍流理论、涡度相关理论
反演方法类：反演、物理反演、统计反演、行星大气反演、贝叶斯、人工智能、协同观测
数据分析理论与方法类：数据同化、数据再分析、大数据、机器学习、质量评估、数据融合2 大气探测与遥感技术和手段 直接测量类：实验室观测、云室、烟雾箱、单颗粒、化学成分、同位素、光谱、质谱、色谱、显微分析、电镜、荧光光谱、太阳光谱
间接测量类：光学遥感、红外遥感、微波遥感、气象雷达、全球定位系统、激光雷达、拉曼光谱、高光谱、超光谱、垂直大气探测、层析、微波链路、偏振
平台类：卫星遥感、空基遥感、地基遥感3 大气观测仪器研发和定标 仪器类别和依托平台分类：原位观测仪器、遥感仪器、探测仪器、偏振仪器、星载仪器、机载仪器
热点仪器：多频雷达、气象雷达、相控阵雷达、云雷达、降水雷达、激光雷达、太赫兹
仪器校正与定标类：定标、标准与计量、辐射校正、几何校正、实验室定标、替代定标、星上定标、地基校正、大气订正4 大气和地表状态参数观测 大气状态参数类：温压湿风、湍流、垂直速度、大气辐射、大气折射率、大气波导、重力波、垂直大气组分、大气边界层、中高层大气、云迹风
地表状态参数类：地表辐射收支、蒸散发、碳通量,碳达峰、碳中和、地气通量、地表温度、海表盐度、植被、地表反照率、地表发射率、粗糙度、土壤湿度、积雪5 大气成分与气溶胶观测 气相成分类：大气成分、痕量气体、温室气体、大气自由基、大气氧化剂、挥发性有机物、氮氧化物、臭氧、卤素化合物、甲烷、氨气、二氧化碳、反应活性、通量、垂直廓线
气溶胶粒子类：气溶胶、生物气溶胶、海洋气溶胶、黑碳、棕碳、重金属、气溶胶光学特性、吸湿性、挥发性、粒子谱分布6 云和降水观测 宏观特性类：云和降水、三维结构、光学特性、化学特性、可降水量、辐射特性、雷电特性、垂直运动、云廓线、三维风场
微观特性类：微物理特征、相态识别、潜热、云滴谱、雨滴谱、参数化
研究热点类：云和降水识别、灾害性天气、检测和分类、雷达估测降水、双偏振雷达、综合性数据集、气溶胶间接效应
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