从能量学角度理解气候背景场对ENSO热带和热带外遥相关的影响

黄刚; 胡开明; 唐颢苏; 汪亚; 屈侠; 赵桂洁

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2305.23304

从能量学角度理解气候背景场对ENSO热带和热带外遥相关的影响

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9895.2305.23304

黄刚^{1, 2, 3, ,},
胡开明^{1, 2},
唐颢苏^{1, 3},
汪亚¹,
屈侠^{1, 2},
赵桂洁^{1, 4}

1.
中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
2.
中国科学院大气物理研究所季风系统研究中心, 北京 100190
3.
中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
4.
北京市气象台, 北京 100097

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目（42141019，41831175，91937302，41721004），第二次青藏高原综合科学考察研究项目（2019QZKK0102）

详细信息

作者简介:
黄刚，男，1971年出生，研究员/教授，主要从事气候动力学研究。E-mail: hg@mail.iap.ac.cn

通讯作者:
黄刚， E-mail: hg@mail.iap.ac.cn

中图分类号: P
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2023-07-18
- 网络出版日期: 2023-08-24

Understanding the Influence of Background Mean-state Field on ENSO Tropical and Extratropical Teleconnection from An Energetic Perspective

Gang HUANG^{1, 2, 3
, ,},
Kaiming HU^{1, 2},
Haosu TANG^{1, 3},
Ya WANG¹,
Xia QU^{1, 2},
Guijie ZHAO^{1, 4}

1.
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
2.
Center for Monsoon System Research, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190
3.
University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
4.
Beijing Meteorological Station, Beijing 100097

Funds: the National Natural Science Foundation of China (42141019, 41831175, 91937302, 41721004) and the Second Tibetan Plateau Scientific Expedition and Research program (2019QZKK0102)

摘要

摘要: 厄尔尼诺-南方涛动 (El Niño-Southern Oscillation, ENSO) 通过遥相关过程影响全球天气气候。在热带地区，ENSO能通过影响热带对流层温度导致遥远海盆降水和海表温度异常；在热带外，ENSO能通过激发准定常罗斯贝波动造成北美、亚洲等地区气候异常。气候背景场对ENSO热带和热带外遥相关有重要影响。一方面，气候背景大气环流场可以通过正压和斜压能量转换影响ENSO遥相关波列的位置和强度。另一方面，热带气候背景海温和对流场会通过影响湿静力能分布影响ENSO热带遥相关过程。这些研究表明分析能量过程有助于理解气候背景场影响ENSO遥相关的机理。本文回顾了近几十年来国内外关于气候背景场对ENSO热带与热带外遥相关影响的能量分析研究进展，在此基础上，回顾了全球变暖背景下ENSO遥相关的可能变化，并提出了一些未来该领域内需要进一步研究的科学问题。
- 厄尔尼诺-南方涛动 /
- 热带遥相关 /
- 热带外遥相关 /
- 全球变暖 /
- 能量学
Abstract: El Niño-Southern Oscillation (ENSO) influences global weather and climate through teleconnection patterns. In tropical regions, ENSO can induce precipitation and sea surface temperature anomalies over remote ocean basins by influencing tropical tropospheric temperatures. In extratropical regions, ENSO can pose climate impacts over regions such as North America and Asia through the excitation of quasi-stationary Rossby waves. The background mean-state fields are of vital importance to ENSO's tropical and extratropical teleconnections. On one hand, the background mean-state atmospheric circulations can influence the position and intensity of ENSO teleconnection wave trains through barotropic and baroclinic energy conversion. On the other hand, the tropical background mean-state sea surface temperature and convection fields can influence ENSO’s tropical teleconnection processes through the adjustment of moist static energy distribution. These studies suggest that analyzing energetic processes can help to understand the mechanisms through which the background mean-state fields influence ENSO teleconnections. The present study reviews the progress in energetic analysis researches on the impacts of the background mean-state fields on ENSO's tropical and extratropical teleconnections in recent decades. Based on it, this study will further review the potential changes of ENSO teleconnections under global warming, and propose some important scientific questions that need to be studied in the future.
- El Niño-Southern Oscillation /
- tropical teleconnection /
- extratropical teleconnection /
- global warming /
- energy

HTML全文

图 1 ENSO影响全球天气气候的主要遥相关机制示意图。引自Yang et al. （2018）。

Figure 1. A schematic illustrating the major teleconnections through which ENSO affects the global weather and climate. From Yang et al. （2018）.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 El Niño衰退年夏季西北太平洋背景场动能和扰动动能之间的转换。（a）西北太平洋850-hPa气候态风场（矢量，单位：m/s），（b）850-hPa扰动场从背景场中获取的动能转换（CK，单位：m⁻²/s³），（c）和（d）分别为CK的纬向部分和经向部分（单位：m⁻²/s³）。引自Hu et al. （2019）

Figure 2. The energy conversion between the background mean flow and perturbations in the Northwest Pacific during the El Niño decaying summer. (a) Boreal summer 850-hPa wind climatology (vectors, unit: m/s). (b) Conversion of kinetic energy (CK, unit: m⁻²/s³) at 850-hPa from the basic state to perturbations. (c) and (d) are the zonal and meridional parts of CK (unit: m⁻²/s³), respectively. From Hu et al. （2019）.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 高层机制和异常总湿稳定度（湿更湿）机制示意图。修改自Neelin and Su （2005）。

Figure 3. Schematic diagram of the upped-ante mechanism and the anomalous gross moist stability (rich-get-richer) mechanism. Adapted from Neelin and Su （2005）.

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图 4 全球变暖下ENSO热带遥相关变化示意图。修改自Hu et al. （2021）。

Figure 4. Schematic diagram of ENSO tropical teleconnection changes under global warming. Adapted from Hu et al. （2021）.

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

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