Abstract: The TPSAs (Tibetan Plateau snow anomalies) in winter–spring are important predictors of the EASM (East Asian summer monsoon). This paper systematically reviews various studies investigating the effects of the interdecadal transition of TPSAs on the EASM over the last two decades. The main conclusions from the review are as follows: (1) The interannual variability of the TPSAs strikingly shifts from an east–west dipole to a mono-sign structure. This shift was affected by the sea surface temperature anomalies in the North Pacific and tropical Atlantic and bound with the Antarctic and Arctic Oscillations. (2) The interdecadal change in the TPSAs in spring affects the EASM precipitation by influencing the subtropical westerly jet in the upper troposphere and low-level moisture transport. (3) The TPSAs influence the Meiyu rain belt via the “TP atmospheric river” mechanism. (4) The Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation modulates the relationship between the spring TPSAs and Meiyu precipitation, which is robust (weak) during the positive (negative) phase of the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation. Finally, this paper discusses the key scientific issues and makes prospects regarding the influence of TPSAs on the EASM.