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赵震, 雷恒池. 层状云系催化增雨的中尺度模拟研究[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2012, 17(6): 779-788. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2012.06.15
引用本文: 赵震, 雷恒池. 层状云系催化增雨的中尺度模拟研究[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2012, 17(6): 779-788. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2012.06.15
ZHAO Zhen, LEI Hengchi. Numerical Simulation of Precipitation Enhancement by Stratiform Cloud Seeding Using a Mesoscale Model[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2012, 17(6): 779-788. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2012.06.15
Citation: ZHAO Zhen, LEI Hengchi. Numerical Simulation of Precipitation Enhancement by Stratiform Cloud Seeding Using a Mesoscale Model[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2012, 17(6): 779-788. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2012.06.15

层状云系催化增雨的中尺度模拟研究

Numerical Simulation of Precipitation Enhancement by Stratiform Cloud Seeding Using a Mesoscale Model

  • 摘要: 利用PSU/NCAR 中尺度模式MM5 研究层状云碘化银催化后的区域外效应。在MM5 中双参数显式云物理方案基础上, 采用显式方法加入碘化银粒子的成核机制, 建立碘化银粒子比含水量和数浓度预报方程。通过增加催化过程的程序模块, 建立起一个中尺度人工催化系统。采用三重嵌套到3.3 km 格距模拟了一次层状云系大范围降水, 此个例-5℃到-10℃上碘化银催化试验结果表明碘化银在高空风的作用下向下风方输送并影响云内的微物理过程, 碘化银持续作用时间为3 h。大多数碘化银主要起凝华核作用, 催化后冰晶增加主要靠凝华过程。催化后3 h 内在下风方区域80 km 到240 km 有10%~30%的增雨, 出现催化区域外效应。

     

    Abstract: The Fifth-Generation Penn State/NCAR Mesoscale Model (MM5) was used to investigate the extra-area effects of silver iodide (AgI) seeding on stratiform clouds at the supercooled layer. A bulk two-moment microphysical scheme and the new software package for AgI were incorporated into MM5. Extra conservation equations were applied to trace the seeding agent, which was transported along the flow field and interacted with the supercooled cloud fields. In this study, the model was run for widespread precipitation caused by a stratiform cloud system using three nested grids, with a 3.3 km × 3.3 km horizontal resolution in the finest grid. The model results showed that seeding with AgI at the -5℃ to -10℃ levels had microphysical effects on the simulated clouds and that the simulation produced a seeding effect that lasted 3 h longer because of transport of the seeding agent by upper-level winds. Most of the AgI particles acted as deposition nuclei, and the deposition nucleation process contributed most to additional cloud ice formation. The results showed that more precipitation results from seeded than unseeded clouds, and the precipitation was redistributed downwind of the target. Augmented precipitation (varying from 10% to 30% downwind) was confined in space to within 240 km of the seeding target and in time to the 3-h period after initial seeding.

     

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