北太平洋冬季上层海温异常的NPGO模态

吕庆平; 路凯程; 张铭

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2012.11156

北太平洋冬季上层海温异常的NPGO模态

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2012.11156

1.
解放军理工大学气象海洋学院, 南京211101
2.
解放军理工大学气象海洋学院, 南京211101;解放军39506部队82分队, 北京100076

基金项目: 国家重点基础研究发展计划2007CB411805

计量
- 文章访问数: 3560
- HTML全文浏览量: 11
- PDF下载量: 4173
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2011-10-10
- 修回日期: 2012-08-01

NPGO Mode of the Upper Sea Temperature Anomalies in the North Pacific during Winter

1.
Institute of Meteorological and Oceanography, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101
2.
Institute of Meteorological and Oceanography, PLA University of Science and Technology, Nanjing 211101;Unit 39506, 82, PLA, Beijing 100076

摘要

摘要: 利用较高分辨率的全球海洋同化分析系统(SODA)资料, 对冬季北太平洋上层的海温异常做了整层经验正交函数(EOF)分析, 并主要讨论了第二模态的结果。该模态空间结构与经典的北太平洋涡旋振荡(NPGO)一致, 且时间系数与NPGO指数也吻合, 故北太平洋上层海温异常EOF第二模态可称为NPGO模态。这说明NPGO现象不单纯反映在海表面温度异常上, 在上层海温中该现象也存在。在该模态空间场上, 水深100 m以上25°N～30°N的副热带处, 沿纬圈从120°E向东延伸至中东太平洋均为海温正异常带, 其北面则为负异常带, 两者构成双带系统;其中在170°W附近分别有正、负异常大值区, 中心构成南北偶极子;在本州岛以东海域, 从海表直到海洋上层底则有小范围的海温强异常。该模态空间结构的形成与大气NPO模态关系密切, 并与中纬度西风大值带上的风应力异常有关, 是造成NPGO的直接原因。该模态表现出明显的准13年年代际变化, 且对其进行5年滑动平均后发现, 从20世纪70年代中期以来, 该序列的振幅越来越大, 1976/1977年和1988/1989年的两次气候年代际突变均处该序列峰值处。引入了冬季北太平洋上层海温异常的NPGO指数, 其能更好反映海洋上层的NPGO现象及其年代际变化。
- 北太平洋上层海温异常 /
- NPGO模态 /
- EOF分析
Abstract: In this paper, the empirical orthogonal function (EOF) method is used to analyze the upper sea temperature anomalies in the North Pacific during winter with higher resolution Simple Ocean Data Assimilation (SODA) data. The spatial pattern of the second EOF mode is similar to the classical North Pacific Gyre Oscillation (NPGO) mode, as is the time series. Therefore, the second EOF mode is hereafter referred to as the NPGO mode. Results indicate that the NPGO exists not only at the sea surface, but also at the entire upper ocean. The spatial structure of the NPGO mode is characterized by a dipole-like structure in the meridional direction with maximum anomalous centers located near 170°W above a depth of 100 m. The anomalously warm band between 25°N and 30°N extends from 120°E to the Mideast Pacific, while the northern area is anomalously cool. In addition, obvious temperature anomalies exist from the sea surface to the upper sea level at the eastern area of Honshu Island. The formation of this spatial feature has a close relationship with the North Pacific Oscillation (NPO) mode and the wind stress anomalies in the mid-latitude westerly zone, which is the direct reason for the NPGO modes. The time series of the NPGO mode shows obvious decadal variation of approximately 13 years. The five-year moving average of the time series shows that its amplitude has become larger since the middle 1970s, and the climate transition of 1976/1977 and 1988/1989 show peak values of this series. Finally, the NPGO index of the sea temperature anomalies in the upper North Pacific during winter is defined, which can reflect the decadal variation of NPGO mode more accurately.
- North Pacific upper sea temperature anomalies /
- NPGO mode /
- EOF analysis

HTML全文

参考文献(29)

[1]	Carton J A, Giese B S. 2008. A reanalysis of ocean climate using simple ocean data assimilation (SODA) [J]. Mon. Wea. Rev., 136: 2999-3017.
[2]	Ceballos L I, Di Lorenzo E, Hoyos C D, et al. 2009. North Pacific Gyre Oscillation synchronizes climate fluctuations in the eastern and western boundary systems [J]. J. Climate, 22 (19): 5163-5174.
[3]	巢纪平. 1993. 厄尔尼诺和南方涛动动力学 [M]. 北京: 气象出版社, 309pp. Chao Jiping. 1993. Dynamics of El Ni?o and Southern Oscillation (in Chinese) [M]. Beijing: China Meteorological Press, 309pp.
[4]	Chhak K C, Di Lorenzo E, Schneider N, et al. 2009. Forcing of low-frequency ocean variability in the Northeast Pacific [J]. J. Climate, 22 (5): 1255-1276.
[5]	Cummins P F, Freeland H J. 2007. Variability of the North Pacific current and its bifurcation [J]. Progress in Oceanography, 75 (2): 253-265.
[6]	Cummins P F, Lagerloef G S E, Mitchum G. 2005. A regional index of northeast Pacific variability based on satellite altimeter data [J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 32 (17), doi: 10.1029/2005GL023642.
[7]	Di Lorenzo E, Schneider N, Cobb K M, et al. 2008. North Pacific gyre oscillation links ocean climate and ecosystem change [J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 35 (8), doi: 10.1029/2007GL032838.
[8]	Di Lorenzo E, Schneider N, Cobb K M, et al. 2010. ENSO and the North Pacific gyre oscillation: an integrated view of Pacific decadal dynamics [R].Atlanta GA: The 90th American Meteorological Society Annual Meeting.
[9]	Furtado J C, Di Lorenzo E, Schneider N, et al. 2011. North Pacific decadal variability and climate change in the IPCC AR4 models [J]. J. Climate, 24 (12): 3049-3067.
[10]	Kalnay E, Kanamitsu M, Kistler R, et al. 1996. The NCEP/NCAR 40-year reanalysis project [J]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 77: 437-470.
[11]	Kim S B, Tong L, Fukumori I. 2004. The 1997-1999 abrupt change of the upper ocean temperature in the north central Pacific [J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 31 (22), doi: 10.1029/2004GL021142.
[12]	刘秦玉, 李春, 胡瑞金. 2010. 北太平洋的年代际振荡与全球变暖 [J]. 气候与环境研究, 15 (2): 217-224. Liu Qinyu, Li Chun, Hu Ruijin. 2010. Interdecadal oscillations in the North Pacific and the global warming [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 15 (2): 217-224.
[13]	路凯程, 廖前锋, 张铭. 2011a. 赤道外北太平洋冬夏海温场的EOF分析[J]. 海洋预报, 28 (5): 50-60. Lu Kaicheng, Liao Qianfeng, Zhang Ming. 2011a. EOF analysis on sea temperature field in extratropical North Pacific[J]. Marine Forecasts (in Chinese), 28 (5): 50-60.
[14]	路凯程, 卢姁, 张铭. 2011b. 赤道外北太平洋上层洋流异常分析 [J]. 海洋通报, 30 (1): 29-36. Lu Kaicheng, Lu Xu, Zhang Ming. 2011b. Analysis for upper abnormal current in North Pacific without equatorial area [J]. Marine Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 30 (1): 29-36.
[15]	吕庆平, 张铭. 2013. 倾斜西海岸线的正压海洋对中纬西风的响应 [J]. 解放军理工大学学报 (自然科学版). Lü Qingping, Zhang Ming. 2013. A study on the barotropic ocean model with tilting western coast forced by the mid-latitude western wind [J]. Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology (Natural Science Edition) (in Chinese) (in press).
[16]	吕庆平, 张维锋, 张铭. 2013. 两层海洋对风场异常响应的解析解及其讨论 [J]. 气候与环境研究, 18 (1):124-134. Lü Qingping, Zhang Weifeng, Zhang Ming. 2013. Study oftwo-layer ocean model forced by climate wind anomalies [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 18 (1):124-134.
[17]	Mantua N J, Hare S R, Zhang Y, et al. 1997. A Pacific interdecadal climate oscillation with impacts on salmon production [J]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 78: 1069-1079.
[18]	North G R, Bell T L, Cahalan R F, et al. 1982. Sampling errors in the estimation of empirical orthogonal function [J]. Mon. Wea. Rev., 110: 699-706.
[19]	Qiu B, Chen S M. 2010. Eddy-mean flow interaction in the decadally modulating Kuroshio Extension system [J]. Deep-Sea Res Ⅱ, 57: 1098-1110.
[20]	Tanimoto Y C, Iwasaka N, Hanawa K, et al. 1992. Characteristic variations of sea surface temperature with multiple time scales in the North Pacific [J]. J. Climate, 6: 1153-1160.
[21]	Trenberth K E, Hurrell J W. 1995. Decadal Climate Variations in the Pacific, National Research Council, Natural Climate Variability on Decade-to-Century Time Scales [M]. Washington D C: National Academy Press, 472-481.
[22]	Trenberth K E, Hoar T J. 1996. The 1990-1995 El Ni?o-Southern Oscillation event: Longest on record [J]. Geophys. Res. Lett., 23: 57-60.
[23]	Walker G T, Bliss E W. 1932. World Weather V [J]. Memoirs of the Royal Meteorological Society, 4 (1): 53-84.
[24]	杨修群, 朱益民, 谢倩, 等. 2004. 太平洋年代际振荡的研究进展 [J]. 大气科学, 28 (6): 979-992. Yang Xiuqun, Zhu Yimin, Xie Qian, et al. 2004. Advances in studies of Pacific decadal oscillation [J]. Chinese Journal of Atmospheric Science (in Chinese), 28 (6): 979-992.
[25]	Yeh S W, Kang Y J, Noh Y, et al. 2011. The North Pacific climate transitions of the winters of 1976/77 and 1988/89 [J]. J. Climate, 24 (4): 1170-1183.
[26]	曾庆存, 张东凌, 张铭, 等. 2005. 大气环流的季节突变与季风的建立Ⅰ——基本理论方法和气候场分析 [J]. 气候与环境研究, 10 (3): 285-302. Zeng Qingcun, Zhang Dongling, Zhang Ming, et al. 2005. The abrupt seasonal transitions in the atmospheric general circulation and the onset of monsoons Part I: Basic theoretical method and its application to the analysis of climatological mean observation [J]. Climatic and Environmental Research (in Chinese), 10 (3): 285-302.
[27]	张永垂, 路凯程, 张铭. 2011. 正压准平衡海洋模型及其解Ⅰ——中纬度大尺度风场强迫情况 [J]. 气象科学, 31 (1): 11-16. Zhang Yongchui, Lu Kaicheng, Zhang Ming. 2011. Barotropic Quasi-Equilibrium ocean model and its solution. I: Mid-latitude forcing of large-scale wind field [J]. Scientia Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese), 31 (1): 11-16.
[28]	Zhou T, Yu R C, Li Z X. 2002. ENSO-dependent and ENSO-independent variability over the mid-latitude North Pacific: Observation and air-sea coupled model simulation. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 19: 1127-1147.
[29]	朱益民, 杨修群, 俞永强, 等. 2008. FGOAIS-g快速耦合模式模拟的北太平洋年代际变率 [J]. 地球物理学报, 51 (1): 58-69. Zhu Yimin, Yang Xiuqun, Yu Yongqiang, et al. 2008. Decadal variability in the North Pacific as simulated by FGOALS-g fast coupled climate model [J]. Chinese Journal of Geophysics (in Chinese), 51 (1): 58-69.