中国冬季多种积雪参数的时空特征及差异性

张若楠; 张人禾; 左志燕

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2013.13063

中国冬季多种积雪参数的时空特征及差异性

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2013.13063

1.
中国科学院大气物理研究所大气科学和地球流体力学数值模拟国家重点实验室, 北京 100029;中国科学院大学, 北京 100049
2.
中国气象科学研究院, 北京 100081

基金项目: 国家自然科学基金项目41221064、41205059，公益性行业（气象）科研专项GYHY20120617

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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2013-04-14
- 修回日期: 2013-06-19

Characteristics and Differences of Multi-Snow Data in Winter over China

1.
State Key Laboratory of Numerical Modeling for Atmospheric Sciences and Geophysical Fluid Dynamics, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029;University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049
2.
Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Beijing 100081

摘要

摘要: 利用1979～2006年冬季中国站点最大雪深和站点雪日、卫星遥感雪深、积雪覆盖率和雪水当量5种积雪资料，从多角度深入细致地分析了我国冬季积雪的时空变化特征。结果表明：5种积雪资料的经验正交分解第一模态都表现为中国南、北方反位相的特征，即当新疆和东北三省－内蒙古地区积雪偏多（少）时，青藏高原和南方地区积雪偏少（多）。新疆和东北三省－内蒙古地区的雪深、积雪覆盖率和雪日随时间有逐渐增多的趋势，而其中边缘山区的雪水当量表现出减少的趋势，青藏高原地区的积雪表现出与其完全相反的特征。南方地区站点最大雪深和雪日表现出随时间减少的趋势，卫星遥感难以监测到该区积雪。相比较而言，卫星遥感资料比较适合高原和山区缺少气象站的地区及北半球更大区域积雪的研究，而站点资料更适用于中国中东部和平原地区积雪的区域研究。雪深、雪日、积雪覆盖率和雪水当量这些多样性积雪参数存在一定的差异性，因此5种积雪资料结合使用才能得到更准确的结论。
- 中国冬季 /
- 最大雪深 /
- 积雪覆盖率 /
- 雪日 /
- 雪水当量
Abstract: By using conventional observations of snow depth, snow day, satellite remote of sensing snow depth, snow cover fraction, and snow water equivalent data in winter over China for 1979-2006, comparisons on their spatial and time variations were conducted. It is determined that the variations in the five types of snow datasets are out of phase between Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu, Northeast-Inner Mongolia, and the Tibetan Plateau, South China, in the leading mode of empirical orthogonal functions. Namely, the positive (negative) anomalies in snow over Xinjiang Uygur Zizhiqu and Northeast-Inner Mongolia are associated with negative (positive) anomalies over the Tibetan Plateau and South of the Yangtze River valley. Over North China, snow depths, snow cover fractions, and snow days increase with time whereas snow water equivalents reduce with time. The variations in snow cover fraction and snow day over the Tibetan Plateau are opposite those in North China. Over South China, decreases in snow depths and snow days were observed. In general, satellite remote of sensing snow data are suitable for plateaus and mountains where fewer observations are available and for large-scale snow research over the Northern Hemisphere; observation snow data are suitable for Central-West China or the plain areas.
- China winter /
- Snow depth /
- Snow cover fraction /
- Snow day /
- Snow water equivalent

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