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连续雾霾天气污染物浓度变化及天气形势特征分析

Analysis of Pollutant Concentrations and Characteristics of Continuous Smoggy Weather

  • 摘要: 利用MICAPS资料、地面观测资料、NCEP资料和衡水市环境监测站细颗粒物(PM2.5)及PM10浓度资料,对2013年1月衡水市出现的连续雾霾天气从PM10及细颗粒物浓度演变、雾霾天气污染物浓度与地面要素关系、中低层环流形势特征进行了分析,结果表明:1)雾霾天气期间06:00(北京时间,下同)至07:00和16:00至21:00为PM10和细颗粒物浓度较低时段,PM10最大值出现在15:00,细颗粒物最大值出现在02:00,两者并不同时达到极值。2)雾霾天气污染物浓度与地面湿度并不是简单的正相关或负相关关系,还和许多其它因素有关。3)衡水市污染源主要来源于工业污染源、扬尘污染、冬季燃煤采暖、局部污染源及区域性污染。4)雾霾天气相对湿度和能见度基本呈负相关,气压变化不大,风向频率最多为北到东北风,平均风速一般都在2 m/s以下。雾日时大部分时段为雾和霾的混合物。5)重污染日期间500 hPa为平直偏西气流或西北偏西气流,没有明显的槽脊活动。而污染较轻的时段500 hPa为明显的西北气流控制或有槽脊活动。6)雾霾天气期间大部分日数08:00在850 hPa以下都存在逆温层;地面气压场偏弱,尤其河北平原一带基本为均压场。最后对雾霾天气影响及对策进行了简单探讨。

     

    Abstract: Using MICAPS data, surface meteorological observations, reanalysis of NECP data, and PM2.5 and PM10 concentration data from the Hengshui Environmental Quality Monitoring Station, the continuous smoggy weather that occurred in Hengshui, Hebei Province, in January 2013 was analyzed in terms of the changes in the concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5, the relationship between pollutant concentrations in smoggy weather and ground elements, and the circulation at the middle and lower levels. The results showed the following: 1) Concentrations of PM10 and PM2.5 were low, from 0600 LST to 0700 LST and from 1600 LST to 2100 LST; the PM10 concentration was at a maximum at 1500 LST, and the PM2.5 concentration was the highest at 0200 LST. 2) The relationship between pollutant concentrations in smoggy weather and surface humidity was not a simple positive or negative correlation. 3) The major sources of air pollution are industrial pollution, dust pollution, coal heating in winter, local pollution sources, and regional pollution in Hengshui. 4) During smoggy weather, relative humidity and visibility were negatively correlated, changes in pressure were small, and north to northeasterly winds with a wind speed of less than 2 m/s were most likely to occur. 5) The airflow at 500 hPa on heavy pollution days was primary zonal, while on less polluted days northwest airflow was strong or there was trough or ridge activity at 500 hPa. 6) During smoggy weather, there was likely to be an inversion layer below 850 hPa at 0800 LST, and the surface pressure field was weak, particularly in the Hebei Plain. Finally, the effects and countermeasures for smoggy weather are discussed.

     

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