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王晓龙, 张寒, 姚志生, 郑循华, 张社奇. 季节性冻结高寒泥炭湿地非生长季甲烷排放特征初探[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2016, 21(3): 282-292. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15088
引用本文: 王晓龙, 张寒, 姚志生, 郑循华, 张社奇. 季节性冻结高寒泥炭湿地非生长季甲烷排放特征初探[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2016, 21(3): 282-292. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15088
WANG Xiaolong, ZHANG Han, YAO Zhisheng, ZHENG Xunhua, ZHANG Sheqi. A Preliminary Study on Methane Emission from a Seasonal-Freezing Alpine Peat Wetland during a Non-growing Period[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2016, 21(3): 282-292. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15088
Citation: WANG Xiaolong, ZHANG Han, YAO Zhisheng, ZHENG Xunhua, ZHANG Sheqi. A Preliminary Study on Methane Emission from a Seasonal-Freezing Alpine Peat Wetland during a Non-growing Period[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2016, 21(3): 282-292. DOI: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15088

季节性冻结高寒泥炭湿地非生长季甲烷排放特征初探

A Preliminary Study on Methane Emission from a Seasonal-Freezing Alpine Peat Wetland during a Non-growing Period

  • 摘要: 高寒泥炭湿地是重要的大气甲烷(CH4)排放源。由于高寒湿地非生长季的气候条件极其恶劣,过去的原位观测研究大多集中在生长季,致使迄今仍对季节性冻土区高寒泥炭湿地的非生长季CH4排放缺乏充分认识。以地处青藏高原东北部的若尔盖地区典型湿地为例,采用静态暗箱-气相色谱人工观测方法,开展了跨越冬、春季和初夏季连续9个月的原位观测研究,试图了解该湿地的非生长季CH4排放特征及其相对重要性。结果与初步结论如下:(1)整个观测期间上午09:00(北京时间,下同)至11:00时段在6个空间重复位置的CH4通量平均值介于0.1~1.0mgCm-2h-1;(2)非生长季也发生着较强CH4排放,且温度响应系数Q10(18.1~29.8)远远大于生长季(1.4~2.2),这意味着非生长季的CH4排放对气候变暖更加敏感;(3)结合其他生长季的观测结果,对观测数据的外推估计,该湿地的CH4年排放量约为29.4kgCha-1a-1,其中非生长季的贡献率高达50%以上;(4)观测期的CH4通量具有明显季节变化,可解释为温度季节变化、土壤冻结与消融过程、水位(或土壤湿度)季节动态和植物生长节律等共同作用的结果;(5)CH4排放年通量在湿地三种微地形之间呈现出显著差异,即凸起处相对最弱,凹陷处相对最强(p<0.05),这主要是水位(或土壤湿度)、植物分布等因素的空间差异所致;(6)考虑到三种微地形在整个湿地的面积占比时,凸起处、凹陷处和过渡带对整个湿地CH4排放年通量的贡献率依次大约为16%、11%和73%。不过,本研究中原位观测的持续时间相对较短,上述结果或结论能否在年度或更长时间尺度上重现,还需要长期连续观测研究加以检验。

     

    Abstract: Alpine peat wetlands are important sources of atmospheric methane. Most of available in situ measurements were exclusively conducted in growing seasons because weather conditions are usually extremely harsh in non-growing seasons. Due to this situation, the CH4 emission from seasonal-freezing alpine peat wetlands in non-growing seasons so far has not been well known. This study aimed at the investigation of the CH4 emission characteristics in the non-growing season and its importance by carrying out 9-month field measurements (from the beginning of the winter to early summer) in a Zoigê alpine wetland with seasonal-freezing peat. The field site was located at the northeastern edge of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. Methane fluxes were manually measured weekly or half-weekly at 0900 LST to 1100 LST in the morning at six random locations that were situated at typical bulge (BA), hollow (HA), and transition (TA) areas respectively. Static opaque chambers were used to collect gas samples and a gas chromatograph was used for immediate sample analysis. During the entire observational period, mean methane emission rate among the six spatial redundancies ranged from 0.1 to 1.0 mgC m-2 h-1, and significant emission was observed in the non-growing season. The temperature sensitivity (Q10, which is the fold change of CH4 flux in response to a temperature change of 10℃) during the non-growing period (18.1-29.8) was much higher than that during the growing season (1.4-2.2), implying that the methane emission in non-growing seasons could be much more sensitive to climate warming. By extrapolating our measured fluxes and taking into account results of some other studies for the growing season, the annual CH4 emission from the investigated alpine wetland was estimated to be about 29 kgC ha-1 a-1, of which at least 50% was released in the non-growing season. The CH4 flux during the observational period showed a significant seasonal variation, which may be attributed jointly to temperature variation, freezing-thawing alternation, water table (or soil moisture) dynamics and seasonality of plant growth. The CH4 fluxes were also significantly different among the micro-landforms, with the statistically lowest, highest and moderate values at the BA, HA, and TA, respectively (p<0.05). Such differences may be attributed to the spatial variations in environmental factors like as the water table (or soil moisture) and the plant distribution. Considering the area coverage proportions of individual micro-landforms, the emissions at the BA, HA, and TA areas accounted for about 16%, 11%, and 73% of the bulk annual CH4 emission from the entire wetland, respectively. It is notable that the above results and conclusions were derived from our field measurements during a relatively short period. Long-term field observations lasting for a full year or even longer are necessary to further confirm the results of the present study.

     

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