人为热排放的引入对北京地区精细模拟的改进

杨婷; 王喜全; 张伟; 王自发

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15185

人为热排放的引入对北京地区精细模拟的改进

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15185

1.
中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理与大气化学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
2.
中国民用航空局空中交通管理局航空气象中心, 北京 100021

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 Grant 41305115

环保公益性行业科研专项 Grants201309011 and 201409001

国家重点基础研究发展计划（973计划） 973 Program, Grant 2014CB447900

国家高技术研究发展计划（863计划） 863 Program, Grant 2014AA06AA06A512

详细信息

作者简介:
杨婷,女,1984年出生,博士,主要从事大气边界层理化结构研究。E-mail:tingyang@mail.iap.ac.cn

中图分类号: P45
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- 文章访问数: 2336
- HTML全文浏览量: 33
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-08-11
- 网络出版日期: 2016-05-24
- 刊出日期: 2017-01-01

The Improvement in Model Simulations of the Atmospheric Condition in Beijing with Consideration of Anthropogenic Heat

1.
State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
2.
Aviation Meteorological Center of China, Beijing 100021

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant 41305115

Commonweal Project in Ministry of Environmental Protection Grants201309011 and 201409001

National Key Project of Basic Research 973 Program, Grant 2014CB447900

National High Technology Researchand Development Program of China 863 Program, Grant 2014AA06AA06A512

摘要

摘要: 将人为热排放纳入到已耦合城市模块Urban Canopy Model（UCM）的中尺度气象模式Weather Researchand Forecasting（WRF）中，探讨了人为热排放对于北京地区精细化模拟的重要意义，其影响主要体现在以下几个方面：1）可有效改善气象要素的模拟效果，特别是对于大气边界层高度的显著性改善，该变量是控制空气质量模式中污染物垂直扩散的关键因子；2）可较好地再现城区流场及温度场，使热岛强度和中心配置更接近实况；3）可明显改善数值模式对于污染物垂直分布特征的模拟。
- 人为热 /
- WRF模式 /
- 热岛效应 /
- 大气边界层高度
Abstract: Anthropogenic heat (AH) was considered in the Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model that is coupled with the urban canopy model (UCM) to investigate its effects on model simulations of the atmospheric condition in Beijing. Results indicated that:1) The consideration of AH can significantly improve the simulation of meteorological variables, especially in the simulation of the boundary layer height, which is a key factor that determines the vertical dispersion of pollutants in air quality models; 2) The model can better reproduce the spatial patterns of wind and temperature fields with the consideration of AH; 3) The vertical distribution of pollutants in the model simulation is also improved with the consideration of AH.
- Anthropogenic heat /
- WRF model /
- Heat islands effect /
- Boundary layer height

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图 1 模拟系统区域设置

Figure 1. Model domains in the present study

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图 2 2008 年7 月23～29 日奥体站10 m(a)风矢量、(b)风速观测模拟对比

Figure 2. Comparisons of model simulations and observations of 10-m(a)wind vector and(b)wind speeds at Aoti station during 23−29 Jul 2008

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图 3 同图 2,但为朝阳站

Figure 3. Same as Fig. 2,but for Chaoyang station

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图 4 同图 2,但为观象台站

Figure 4. Same as Fig. 2,but for Guanxiangtai station

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图 5 WRF 中考虑了人为热影响后模拟2008 年7 月(a)24 日、(b)27 日、(c)28 日边界层高度与激光雷达反演结果的比较

Figure 5. Comparisons of boundary layer height between lidar retrieval andmodel simulation with the consideration of anthropogenic heat on(a)24 Jul,(b)27 Jul,and(c)28 Jul 2008

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图 6 原有城市区域空气环流示意图

Figure 6. Diagram of original atmospheric circulation in urban area

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图 7 北京市中心(39°54′27″N，116°23′17″E)因城市热排放引起的温度差异(填色)及边界层高度(白线)

Figure 7. Temperature difference with and without anthropogenic heat(shaded)and boundary layer height(white line)

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图 8 2008 年7 月22 日14:00 人为热排放引起的(a)地面、(b)边界层顶风场及风散度的差异

Figure 8. Difference in wind and wind divergence at(a)the surface and(b)the top of the boundary layer height at 1400 LST on 22 Jul 2008

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图 9 改进后的城市区域空气环流示意图

Figure 9. Diagram of the improved atmospheric circulation in urban area

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图 10 2008 年7 月23～29 日（a）北大站及（b）昌平站PM10 模拟观测对比

Figure 10. Comparison of model simulated and observed PM 10 concentrations at the (a) Beida station and (b) Changping station during 23−29 Jul 2008

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图 11 2008 年7 月23～29 日中国科学院大气物理研究所(IAP，CAS)铁塔分部站(a)近地面、(b)280 m O₃ 模拟观测对比(1 ppb=10⁻⁹)

Figure 11. Comparisons of model simulated and observed O₃ concentrations at(a)the surface and(b)280-m height above the ground level at the IAP stationduring 23−29 Jul 2008(1 ppb=10⁻⁹)

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表 1 物理过程及参数化方案

Table 1. Physical processes and parameterization schemes

物理过程	参数化方案
微物理	WRF Single-Moment 3-class
积云对流	No Cumulus
长波辐射	RRTM
短波辐射	Dudhia
陆面过程	Noah Land Surface Model
近地层	MM5 similarity
边界层	Yonsei University Scheme (YSU)

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表 2 两组模拟试验的设计对比

Table 2. Model settings for the two experiments

试验	城市模型	下垫面	人为热
试验A	UCM	MODIS	不引入
试验B	UCM	MODIS	引入

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表 3 2008 年7 月23～29 日风速观测模拟结果统计分析

Table 3. Statistical parameters of wind speed during 23−29 Jul 2008

站点	观测平均值/m s⁻¹	模拟平均值/m s⁻¹		平均偏差/m s⁻¹		RMSE/m s⁻¹		正态平均偏差		正态平均误差
站点	观测平均值/m s⁻¹	Exp A	Exp B	Exp A	Exp B	Exp A	Exp B	Exp A	Exp B	Exp A	Exp B
奥体	3.7	2.1	3.7	−1.2	0.3	2.2	2.2	34.5%	9.0%	50.0%	48.0%
朝阳	3.8	2.2	3.9	0.4	−1.3	2.2	2.2	34.7%	10.7%	49.2%	48.9%
观象台	2.6	2.6	2.8	0.2	0.4	1.8	1.7	7.7%	15.5%	53.3%	43.1%

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