一次冻雨过程云物理特征的数值模拟

刘香娥; 高茜; 何晖; 李杰; 李兴宇; 贾星灿

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15238

一次冻雨过程云物理特征的数值模拟

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15238

刘香娥^{1, 2,},
高茜^{1, 2},
何晖^{1, 2},
李杰³,
李兴宇⁴,
贾星灿^{2, 5}

1.
北京市人工影响天气办公室, 北京 100089
2.
云降水物理研究和云水资源开发北京市重点试验室, 北京 100089
3.
南京航空航天大学民航学院, 南京 211106
4.
中国科学院大气物理研究所云降水物理与强风暴实验室, 北京 100029
5.
中国气象局北京城市气象研究所, 北京 100089

基金项目:

北京市自然科学基金资助项目 6154027

北京市自然科学基金资助项目 8164058

国家重点研发计划项目 2016YFA0601704

国家自然科学基金项目 41675138

国家自然科学基金项目 41375136

中央高校基本科研业务费专项资金 NJ20140015

国家电网公司科技项目 GCB17201400162

公益性行业（气象）科研专项项目 GYHY201306065

详细信息

作者简介:
刘香娥, 女, 1982年出生, 高级工程师, 主要从事云降水物理和大气化学研究。E-mail:lxe3399@163.com

中图分类号: P426.5⁺1
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- 文章访问数: 1101
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2015-10-26
- 网络出版日期: 2017-01-05
- 刊出日期: 2017-03-20

A Numerical Simulation on Cloud Physical Characteristics of Freezing Rain

Xiang'e LIU^{1, 2
,},
Qian GAO^{1, 2},
Hui HE^{1, 2},
Jie Li³,
Xingyu Li⁴,
Xingcan JIA^{2, 5}

1.
Beijing Municipal Weather Modification Office, Beijing 100089
2.
Beijing Key Laboratory of Cloud, Precipitation, and Atmospheric Water Resources, Beijing 100089
3.
College of Civil Aviation, Nanjing University of Aeronautics and Astronautics, Nanjing 211106
4.
Laboratory of Cloud and Precipitation and Severe Storms, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
5.
Institute of Urban Meteorology, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100089

Funds:

Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation 6154027

Beijing Municipal Natural Science Foundation 8164058

the National Key Research and Development Program of China 2016YFA0601704

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41675138

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41375136

the Fundamental Research Funds for the Central Universities NJ20140015

Science and Technology Projects of State Grid Corporation of China GCB17201400162

the National Department of Public Beneﬁt Research Foundation of China GYHY201306065

摘要

摘要: 运用中尺度数值模式WRF3.5.1对2011年1月1日贵州境内的一次冻雨天气过程进行了数值模拟，研究了本次过程的大气层结、冻雨区云系的宏微观结构和云物理特征，初步分析了冻雨形成的云微物理过程和成因。结果表明，贵州境内的冻雨区（26°N~29°N）具有冷性和部分“冷-暖-冷”的温度层结，在高层没有显著的冰相粒子，冻雨区是相对较强的水汽辐合中心，丰富的水汽输送在冷性的环境条件下形成云滴，进而碰并产生雨滴，过冷雨水主要通过暖雨过程形成；雨滴继续下落至近地层并保持过冷雨水形式，最后接触到低于0℃的物体或地面，迅速冻结而产生地面冻雨。
- 冻雨 /
- WRF模式 /
- 数值模拟
Abstract: The WRF3.5.1 model is used to simulate a freezing rain process that occurred on 1 January 2011 in Guizhou Province. The atmospheric stratification and macro and micro cloud structures and cloud physical characteristics are analyzed. Results show that in Guizhou Province, the atmosphere above the freezing rain area (26°N-29°N) is characterized by a cold and partial "cold-warm-cold" temperature stratifications. There were no significant ice phase particles at the top; the freezing rain area corresponded to a relatively strong water vapor convergence center, and cloud droplets formed under the cold condition with abundant water vapor. These cloud droplets collided during their falling, and supercooled raindrops mainly formed during the warm rain process. Raindrops stayed supercooled and fell to the ground. When they were exposed to below zero degrees of objects or on the ground, freezing rain quickly formed.
- Freezing rain /
- WRF model /
- Numerical simulation

HTML全文

图 1 2011年1月1日08:00（北京时间）贵州冻雨（天气现象图例）及地面温度（填色）分布

Figure 1. Distribution of freezing rain (weather phenomenon legend) and surface temperature (colored) at 0800 LST 1 January in Guizhou Province

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 2011年1月1日08:00的（a）500 hPa、（b）700 hPa、（c）850 hPa天气形势（黑实线为等高线，单位：dagpm；风场：全杆为4 m/s；黑点线为温度，单位：℃；图b中阴影为水汽通量；图c中黑色框为研究区域）和（d）贵阳的探空曲线，蓝色线为层结曲线（温度），绿色线为状态曲线（露点）

Figure 2. Synoptic weather charts at (a) 500 hPa, (b) 700 hPa, and (c) 850 hPa at 0800 LST 1 January 2011 and (d) the sounding plot at Guiyang station. Black solid and dotted lines represent the geopotential height at 4 dagpm interval and temperature at 5 ℃ interval respectively, wind barbs show the horizontal winds (full barb: 4 m/s) in (a-c); shaded areas in (b) denote water vapor flux; the black box in (c) denotes the study area. In (d) the blue line represents the stratification curve (temperature), the green the green line shows the state curve (dew point temperature)

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图 3 模拟区域设置图

Figure 3. Simulation area setting

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图 4 2011年1月2日08:00（a）观测和（b）模拟的24 h地面降水量

Figure 4. (a) Observed and (b) simulated 24-h accumulative precipitation from 0800 LST 1 to 0800 LST 2 January 2011

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图 5 2011年1月1日08:00模拟的地面温度（等值线，单位：℃）和24 h降水量分布（填色，单位：mm）

Figure 5. Distributions of surface temperature (contours, units: ℃) and 24-h precipitation (colored, units: mm) at 0800 LST 1 January 2011

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图 6 2011年1月1~2日地面温度（填色）和降水量（红色等值线：降雨量，黑色等值线：降雪量，单位：mm）的分布：（a）1日08:00；（b）1日14:00；（c）1日23:00；（d）2日08:00

Figure 6. Distributions of surface temperature (colored) and precipitation (red lines: rainfall; black lines: snowfall; units: mm): (a) 0800 LST 1 January; (b) 1400 LST 1 January; (c) 2300 LST 1 January; (d) 0800 LST 2 January

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图 7 2011年1月1~2日850 hPa（黑实线）和700 hPa（蓝实线）0 ℃线分布：（a）1日08:00；（b）1日14:00；（c）1日23:00；（d）2日08:00

Figure 7. Distributions of 0-℃ isotherm at 850 hPa (black line) and 700 hPa (blue line): (a) 0800 LST 1 January; (b) 1400 LST 1 January; (c) 2300 LST 1 January; (d) 0800 LST 2 January

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图 8 700 hPa高度层以上的水成物总量分布：（a）2011年1月1日08:00；（b）2011年1月2日08:00

Figure 8. Water content distributions above 700 hPa: (a) 0800 LST 1 January 2011; (b) 0800 LST 2 January 2011

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图 9 2011年1月（a）1日08:00沿106.8°E和（b）2日08:00沿111°E的水成物比含量和温度（黑色等值线，单位：℃）经向—垂直剖面：云水比含量（紫色等值线，单位：g/kg）、冰晶比含量（绿色等值线，单位：10^-4 g/kg）、雪比含量（填色，单位：g/kg）、雨比含量（蓝色等值线，单位：g/kg）

Figure 9. Vertical cross sections of cloud water content ratio (purple lines, units: g/kg), ice crystal content ratio (green lines, units: 10^-4g/kg), snow content ratio (shaded, units: g/kg), rain content ratio (blue lines, units: g/kg) and temperature (black lines, units: ℃) along (a) 106.8°E at 0800 LST 1 January 2011 and (b) 111°E at 0800 LST 2 January 2011

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图 10 2011年1月1日（a、b）08:00、（c、d）14:00、（e、f）23:00的沿龙洞堡（106.8°E）水成物比含量和温度（黑色等值线，单位：℃）经向—垂直剖面：（a、c、e）云水比含量（紫色等值线，单位：g/kg）、冰晶比含量（绿色等值线，单位：10^-4g/kg）；（b、d、f）雪比含量（填色，单位：g/kg）、雨比含量（蓝色等值线，单位：g/kg）、霰比含量（红色等值线，单位：g/kg）

Figure 10. Vertical cross sections of cloud water content ratio (purple line, units: g/kg), ice crystal content ratio (green lines, units: 10^-4g/kg), snow content ratio (shaded, units: g/kg), rain content ratio (blue lines, units: g/kg), graupel content ratio (red lines, units: g/kg) and temperature (black lines, units: ℃) along Longdongbao station (106.8°E) at (a, b) 0800 LST, (c, d) 1400 LST, and (e, f) 2300 LST 1 January

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图 11 2011年1月1日08:00和14:00通过龙洞堡（106.8°E）的云水比含量（紫色等值线，单位：g/kg）、水汽通量散度（填色）和温度（黑线等值线，单位：℃）径向垂直剖面

Figure 11. Vertical cross sections of cloud water content ratio (purple lines), water vapor flux divergence (colored), and temperature (black lines, units: ℃) along Longdongbao station (106.8°E) at (a) 0800 LST and (b) 1400 LST 1 January

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图 12 2011年1月1日（a、c）08:00和（b、d）11:00水凝物含量（单位：g/kg）径向（沿106.8°E）平均的垂直廓线：（a、b）冻雨区（27°N~29°N）；（c、d）非冻雨区（28°N~30°N）

Figure 12. Vertical profiles of meridional-mean water content of hydrometeors along 106.8°E in (a, b) 27°N-29°N and (c, d) 28°N-30°N at (a, c) 0800 LST January and (b, d) 1100 LST 2 January

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表 1 WRF-ARW模式参数设定

Table 1. WRF-ARW model configuration

参数	具体设定
水平分辨率	网格一：格距9 km，网格数150×150/网格二：格距3 km，网格数196×196
垂直分辨率	σ-z地形跟随坐标，35层，模式顶为50 hPa
积分时间	2010年12月31日00:00至2011年1月2日12:00
微物理过程	Morrison方案
辐射方案	长波辐射：（Rapid Radiation Transfer Model）方案；短波辐射：Dudhia方案
积云对流参数化	网格一：Betts-Miller-Janjic方案/网格二：无
边界层方案	Yonsei University方案
地表方案土壤方案	Monin-Obukhov with Carslon-boland方案Noah方案

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