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地基与星载仪器观测大气臭氧总量分析

张金强 王振会 陈洪滨 施红蓉

张金强, 王振会, 陈洪滨, 施红蓉. 地基与星载仪器观测大气臭氧总量分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2017, 22(2): 177-190. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15263
引用本文: 张金强, 王振会, 陈洪滨, 施红蓉. 地基与星载仪器观测大气臭氧总量分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2017, 22(2): 177-190. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15263
Jinqiang ZHANG, Zhenhui WANG, Hongbin CHEN, Hongrong SHI. Total Ozone Column Derived from the Ground-Based and Space-Borne Instruments[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2017, 22(2): 177-190. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15263
Citation: Jinqiang ZHANG, Zhenhui WANG, Hongbin CHEN, Hongrong SHI. Total Ozone Column Derived from the Ground-Based and Space-Borne Instruments[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2017, 22(2): 177-190. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15263

地基与星载仪器观测大气臭氧总量分析

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2016.15263
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金项目 41275039

国家自然科学基金项目 61327810

国家自然科学基金项目 91337214

详细信息
    作者简介:

    张金强, 男, 1981年出生, 博士, 副研究员, 主要从事大气环境探测研究。E-mail:zjq@mail.iap.ac.cn

  • 中图分类号: P41

Total Ozone Column Derived from the Ground-Based and Space-Borne Instruments

Funds: 

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41275039

National Natural Science Foundation of China 61327810

National Natural Science Foundation of China 91337214

  • 摘要: 本文选取多个臭氧总量观测站点,采用“三重制约法”分别对下列3组仪器观测臭氧总量数据进行统计分析,解算出不同观测资料的误差标准差,进而对比研究各种仪器的精度特征:1)1996~2003年期间地基WOUDC(World Ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Centre)观测网络仪器(包括Brewer、Dobson和Filter臭氧测量仪)与星载TOMS(Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer)和GOME(The Global Ozone Monitoring Experiment)仪器;2)2004~2013年期间WOUDC与星载OMI(ozone monitoring instrument)和SCIAMACHY(scanning imaging absorption spectrometer for atmospheric chartography)仪器;3)2004~2013年期间地基SAOZ(Système D’Analyse par Observations Zénithales)与星载OMI和SCIAMACHY仪器。结果表明,1996~2003年期间TOMS V8和GOME观测精度相当,分别为7.6±2.8 DU/46(其中,7.6±2.8 DU为所分析站点观测资料的平均精度及其标准差,46为站点数目)和7.6±1.5 DU/46。TOMS V8观测精度优于TOMS V7(8.5±3.0 DU/46),验证了前者对后者有所改进。2004~2013年期间OMI和SCIAMACHY在WOUDC地基站点观测精度接近,分别为6.6±1.4 DU/21和6.0±1.6 DU/21。SAOZ地基仪器精度为8.4±3.6 DU/8。对于3类WOUDC地基仪器,Brewer站点观测资料的平均精度最优(7.9±3.3 DU/12),Dobson次之(8.7±2.3 DU/19),Filter最差(14.7±4.0 DU/15)。相比于卫星,3种地面仪器观测平均精度较差(10.5±4.3 DU/46),这主要是由于Filter精度较差引起。中国境内的瓦里关(Brewer)、香河(Dobson)和昆明(Dobson)3个地基站点仪器观测精度均较优,分别为7.8 DU、6.7 DU和6.6 DU。尽管不同站点之间存在一定差异,但整体来说,地基与卫星仪器在中国境内3个站点观测臭氧总量吻合较好。
  • 图  1  地基WOUDC观测网络的Brewer(红点)、Dobson(蓝点)和Filter(绿点)仪器的地面站点分布

    Figure  1.  The geographical distributions of the Brewer (red dots), Dobson (blue dots), and Filter (green dots) instruments in the ground-based WOUDC network

    图  2  观测资料的(a)精度、(b)准度和(c)精准度示意图

    Figure  2.  The diagrammatic sketch of the (a) precision, (b) accuracy, and (c) their combination of the observational data

    图  3  (a)WOUDC、TOMS和GOME仪器在46个地面站点匹配数据的样本组数及地基(b)Brewer、(c)Dobson和(d)Filter观测资料的精度(单位:DU)分布

    Figure  3.  (a) The sample number of the collocated total ozone column derived from the WOUDC instruments, TOMS, and GOME at 46 stations and the precisions (units: DU) of the data collected by the ground-based (b) Brewer, (c) Dobson, and (d) Filter

    图  4  (a)TOMS V8和(b)GOME观测资料的精度(单位:DU)分布

    Figure  4.  The precisions (units: DU) of the measurements from (a) TOMS V8 and (b) GOME

    图  5  (a)地基WOUDC、OMI和SCIAMACHY在21个站点匹配数据的样本组数;地基(b)WOUDC、(c)OMI和(d)SCIAMACHY的精度(单位:DU)分布

    Figure  5.  (a) The sample number of the collocated total ozone column derived from the ground-based WOUDC, OMI, and SCIAMACHY at 21 stations and the precisions (units: DU) of the data collected by the ground-based (b) WOUDC, (c) OMI, and (d) SCIAMACHY

    图  6  (a)SAOZ站点观测资料匹配样本组数及其(b)精度(单位:DU)分布

    Figure  6.  (a) The sample number of the collocated total ozone column at SAOZ sites and (b) the distribution of the SAOZ precisions (units: DU)

    图  7  地基(黑线)与星载TOMS(蓝线)和GOME(红线)在中国境内的(a)瓦里关(Brewer)、(b)香河(Dobson)和(c)昆明(Dobson)站点观测臭氧总量的年际变化及其标准差。圆点的色标为各个年份内3种仪器匹配的观测样本组数

    Figure  7.  Annual variations and their standard errors of the total ozone column derived from the ground-based instrument (black line), TOMS (blue line), and GOME (red line) at (a) Waliguan (Brewer), (b) Xianghe (Dobson), and (c) Kunming (Dobson) sites in China. The color of the dots denotes the sample number of the collocated total ozone column obtained from the three kinds of instruments in a certain year

    图  8  图 7,但为地基(黑线)与星载OMI(蓝线)和SCIAMACHY(红线)观测臭氧总量值

    Figure  8.  Similar to Fig. 7, but for the total ozone column derived from the ground-based instrument (black line), OMI (blue line), and SCIAMACHY (red line)

    表  1  WOUDC 46个地基观测站的站号、站名、地理位置、海拔高度和观测仪器

    Table  1.   The station number, name, geographical position, height above the sea level and the instrument type of the 46 WOUDC ground-based stations

    站号 站名 地理位置 海拔/m 仪器
    7 日本Kagoshima (31.63°N, 130.60°E) 31 Dobson
    12* 日本Sapporo (43.05°N, 141.33°E) 19 Dobson
    14* 日本Tateno (36.05°N, 140.13°E) 31 Dobson
    16 俄罗斯Vladivostok (43.12°N, 131.90°E) 80 Filter
    19* 美国Bismarck (46.77°N, 00.75°W) 511 Dobson
    35* 瑞士Arosa (46.77°N, 9.67°E) 1840 Brewer
    36 英国Camborne (50.22°N, 5.32°W) 88 Brewer
    40 法国Haute Provence (43.94°N, 5.71°E) 684 Dobson
    42 俄罗斯St. Petersburg (59.97°N, 30.30°E) 74 Filter
    43* 英国Lerwick (60.13°N, 1.18°W) 80 Dobson
    50 德国Potsdam (52.37°N, 13.08°E) 89 Brewer
    53* 比利时Uccle/Brussels (50.80°N, 4.35°E) 100 Dobson
    65 加拿大Toronto (43.78°N, 79.47°W) 198 Brewer
    67* 美国Boulder (40.02°N, 05.25°W) 1390 Dobson
    68 波兰Belsk (51.84°N, 20.79°E) 180 Dobson
    85 俄罗斯Irkutsk (52.27°N, 04.35°E) 467 Filter
    96* 捷克Hradec Kralove (50.18°N, 15.83°E) 285 Dobson
    99* 德国Hohenpeissenberg (47.80°N, 11.02°E) 975 Brewer
    100* 匈牙利Budapest/K-Puszta (47.43°N, 19.18°E) 139 Dobson
    106* 美国Nashville (36.25°N, 86.57°W) 182 Dobson
    107* 美国Wallops Island (37.93°N, 75.48°W) 13 Dobson
    112 俄罗斯Bolshaya Elan (46.92°N, 142.73°E) 22 Filter
    116 俄罗斯Moscow (55.75°N, 37.57°E) 187 Filter
    118 俄罗斯Nagaevo (59.58°N, 150.78°E) 118 Filter
    120 俄罗斯Omsk (54.93°N, 73.40°E) 119 Filter
    121 拉托维亚Riga (57.32°N, 24.42°E) 7 Filter
    122 俄罗斯Sverdlovsk (56.80°N, 60.63°E) 290 Filter
    130 俄罗斯Petropavlosk-Kamchatsky (52.97°N, 158.75°E) 78 Filter
    143 俄罗斯Krasnoyarsk (56.00°N, 92.88°E) 137 Filter
    148 俄罗斯Vitim (59.45°N, 112.58°E) 186 Filter
    152* 埃及Cairo (30.08°N, 31.28°E) 37 Dobson
    153 俄罗斯Voronez (51.70°N, 39.17°E) 147 Filter
    174* 德国Lindenberg (52.22°N, 14.12°E) 112 Brewer
    183 哈萨克斯坦Gurev (47.02°N, 51.85°E) 0 Filter
    208* 中国Xianghe (39.77°N, 117.00°E) 80 Dobson
    209* 中国Kunming (25.02°N, 102.68°E) 1917 Dobson
    226 罗马尼亚Bucharest (44.48°N, 26.13°E) 100 Dobson
    241 加拿大Saskatoon (52.11°N, 06.71°W) 550 Brewer
    252* 韩国Seoul (37.57°N, 126.95°E) 84 Dobson
    274 俄罗斯Nikolaevskna-Amure (53.15°N, 140.70°E) 46 Filter
    279* 瑞典Norrkoping (58.61°N, 16.12°E) 43 Brewer
    287 葡萄牙Funchal (32.60°N, 16.90°W) 49 Brewer
    290 加拿大Saturna岛 (48.78°N, 23.13°W) 178 Brewer
    293* 希腊Athens (37.99°N, 23.77°E) 110 Dobson
    295* 中国瓦里关 (36.17°N, 100.53°E) 3816 Brewer
    301* 意大利Ispra (45.80°N, 8.63°E) 240 Brewer
    注:*表示该站点与星载OMI和SCIAMACHY进行匹配分析。
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  3类WOUDC地基仪器的站点数目、仪器精度最优值、最差值和平均值及其标准差

    Table  2.   The number of the three kinds of ground-based WOUDC instruments and their best, worst, and average precisions with the standard deviations

    站点数目 精度/DU
    最优值 最差值 平均值±标准差
    Brewer 12 4.1 15.7 7.9±3.3
    Dobson 19 5.6 14.5 8.7±2.3
    Filter 15 9.7 23.6 14.7±4.0
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  WOUDC、TOMS V8和GOME仪器精度最优值、最差值和平均值及其标准差

    Table  3.   The best, worst, and average precisions with the standard deviations of the WOUDC instruments, TOMS V8, and GOME

    精度/DU
    最优值 最差值 平均值±标准差
    WOUDC 4.1 23.6 10.5±4.3
    TOMS V8 3.8 22.5 7.6±2.8
    GOME 4.1 10.9 7.6±1.5
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  4  WOUDC、TOMS V7和GOME仪器精度最优值、最差值和平均值及其标准差

    Table  4.   The best, worst, and average precisions with the standard deviations of the WOUDC instruments, TOMS V7, and GOME

    精度/DU
    最优值 最差值 平均值±标准差
    WOUDC 4.1 22.4 10.4±4.2
    TOMS V7 4.6 22.8 8.5±3.0
    GOME 3.8 11.6 7.6±1.7
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  5  WOUDC、OMI和SCIAMACHY仪器精度最优值、最差值和平均值及其标准差

    Table  5.   The best, worst, and average precisions with the standard deviations of the WOUDC instruments, OMI, and SCIAMACHY

    精度/DU
    最优值 最差值 平均值±标准差
    WOUDC 4.3 14.9 7.8±2.8
    OMI 4.6 9.8 6.6±1.4
    SCIAMACHY 3.6 10.0 6.0±1.6
    下载: 导出CSV
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出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2015-11-24
  • 网络出版日期:  2016-11-04
  • 刊出日期:  2017-03-20

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