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中国东部夏季极端降水事件及大气环流异常分析

武文博 游庆龙 王岱 阮能

武文博, 游庆龙, 王岱, 阮能. 中国东部夏季极端降水事件及大气环流异常分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2018, 23(1): 47-58. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.16204
引用本文: 武文博, 游庆龙, 王岱, 阮能. 中国东部夏季极端降水事件及大气环流异常分析[J]. 气候与环境研究, 2018, 23(1): 47-58. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.16204
Wenbo WU, Qinglong YOU, Dai WANG, Neng RUAN. Characteristics of Extreme Precipitation and Associated Anomalous Circulations over Eastern China during Boreal Summer[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2018, 23(1): 47-58. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.16204
Citation: Wenbo WU, Qinglong YOU, Dai WANG, Neng RUAN. Characteristics of Extreme Precipitation and Associated Anomalous Circulations over Eastern China during Boreal Summer[J]. Climatic and Environmental Research, 2018, 23(1): 47-58. doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.16204

中国东部夏季极端降水事件及大气环流异常分析

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.16204
基金项目: 

国家重点研发计划项目 2016YFA0601700

江苏省杰出自然科学基金项目 BK20140047

江苏省高校自然科学研究面上项目 BBB

江苏高校优势学科建设工程资助项目 PAPD

详细信息
    作者简介:

    武文博, 女, 1992年出生, 硕士研究生, 主要从事极端降水的研究。E-mail:wubosunny@126.com

    通讯作者:

    游庆龙, E-mail:qinglong.you@nuist.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: P426.6

Characteristics of Extreme Precipitation and Associated Anomalous Circulations over Eastern China during Boreal Summer

Funds: 

National Key Research and Development Program of China 2016YFA0601700

Jiangsu Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholar BK20140047

Natural Science Research of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions (Genernal Program) BBB

the Priority Academic Program Development of Jiangsu Higher Education Institutions PAPD

  • 摘要: 主要利用1961~2014年中国东部地区438个台站的逐日降水资料和NCEP/NCAR的再分析资料,从大气内部动力角度对夏季不同极端降水情况下的环境场进行分析,结果表明:对长江中下游地区而言,在极端降水频次偏多年时,850 hPa风场及整层水汽输送距平场均表明东亚夏季风偏弱,有利于更多的水汽输送到长江中下游地区,500 hPa鄂霍次克海阻塞高压持续日数偏多,有利于冷空气南下,200 hPa东亚副热带急流偏南,且30°N以南偏西风异常有利于辐散,而在斜压波包从西北东南向传播为极端降水事件分发生集聚了能量;对华北地区极端降水频次偏多年而言,850 hPa风场及整层的水汽输送距平场均表明东亚夏季风偏强,有利于更多的水汽输送到华北地区,500 hPa高度距平场日本海正距平,贝加尔湖蒙古地区为负距平,华北地区东高西低,200 hPa东亚副热带急流偏北,从而导致我国华北地区极端降水频次偏多,能量传播也为西北东南向。这些结果表明极端降水的变化,与大气内部的动力作用和能量的传播有密切的关系。
  • 图  1  (a)中国东部夏季极端降水事件频次变化趋势;(b)华北地区和(c)长江中下游地区夏季标准化极端降水事件频次时间变化序列

    Figure  1.  (a) Linear tendency rate of extreme precipitation frequency in East China during summer; the time series of normalized extreme precipitation frequency in (b) North China and (c) middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River

    图  2  1961~2014年夏季长江中下游地区极端降水频次偏多年(偏少年)(a、d)850 hPa风场、(b、e)500 hPa高度场和(c、f)200 hPa纬向风场与气候态差值场(距平场)的分布(红色的点代表通过95%置信水平检验):(a、b、c)极端降水频次偏多年;(d、e、f)极端降水频次偏少年

    Figure  2.  (a, d) 850-hPa wind anomalies, (b, e) 500-hPa height anomalies, and (c, f) 200-hPa zonal wind anomalies corresponding to increase (decrease) in the frequency of extreme precipitation over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in summer: (a, b, c) Years with the frequency of extreme precipitation increased; (d, e, f) years with the frequency of extreme precipitation declined. Red dots represent 95% confidence level

    图  3  1961~2014年夏季中高纬度地区500 hPa高度场阻塞高压频数

    Figure  3.  The frequency of blocking occurrence at 500-hPa geopotential height field in the middle-high latitudes in summer during1961-2014

    图  4  1961~2014年夏季整层(1000~300 hPa)水汽通量输送(a)流函数(等值线,单位:106 kg s-1)和非辐散分量(矢量)以及(b)势函数(等值线,单位:106 kg s-1)和辐散分量(矢量)分布

    Figure  4.  (a) Distribution of integrated stream function (contour, units: 106 kg s-1) and the non-divergent component (vector) of water vapor transport, and (b) distribution of integrated potential function (contour, units: 106 kg s-1) and the divergent component (vector) of water vapor transport in summer during 1961-2014

    图  5  1961~2014年夏季长江中下游极端降水频次偏多年(偏少年)整层(1000~300 hPa)水汽通量输送(a、c)流函数(等值线,单位:106 kg s−1)和非辐散分量(矢量)以及(b、d)势函数(等值线,单位:106 kg s−1)及辐散分量距平分布(图中红框表示长江中下游):(a、b)极端降水频次偏多年;(c、d)极端降水频次偏少年

    Figure  5.  (a, c) Anomalous distribution of integrated stream function (contour, units: 106 kg s−1) and the non-divergent component (vector) of water vapor transport, and (b, d) anomalous distribution of integrated potential function (contour, units: 106 kg s−1) and the divergent component (vector) of water vapor transport corresponding to increase (decrease) in the frequency of extreme precipitation during 1961-2014 over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in summer (the red box indicates the area of the middle and lower reaches of Yangtze River): (a, b) Years with the frequency of extreme precipitation increased; (c, d) years with the frequency of extreme precipitation declined

    图  6  1961~2014年夏季长江中下游极端降水频次偏多年(偏少年)对流层中上层(a、c)500 hPa、(b、d)200 hPa扰动流函数(等值线,单位:105m2s)和波作用通量(矢量):(a、b)极端降水频次偏多年;(c、d)极端降水频次偏少年

    Figure  6.  Composites of the wave-activity flux (vector) and quasi-geostrophic steam function (contour, units: 105 m2s) at (a, c) 500 hPa and (b, d) 200 hPa corresponding to increase (decrease) in the frequency extreme precipitation during 1961-2014 over the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River in summer: (a, b) Years with the frequency of extreme precipitation increased; (c, d) years with the frequency of extreme precipitation declined

    图  7  图 2,但为夏季华北地区情况

    Figure  7.  Same as Fig. 2, but in North China

    图  8  图 5,但为华北地区情况

    Figure  8.  Same as Fig. 5, but in North China

    图  9  图 6,但为华北地区情况

    Figure  9.  Same as Fig. 6, but in North China

    图  10  (a)长江中下游地区和(b)华北地区夏季极端降水异常分析机理示意图

    Figure  10.  The mechanism of extreme precipitation anomaly analysis in (a) the middle and lower reaches of the Yangtze River and (b) North China

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  • 收稿日期:  2016-11-17
  • 网络出版日期:  2017-06-23
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