无显著海温异常强迫下西太平洋副热带高压的异常变动:1980年和1981年的对比分析

苏同华; 薛峰; 刘锦绣; 吕思思; 董啸

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.16221

无显著海温异常强迫下西太平洋副热带高压的异常变动:1980年和1981年的对比分析

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.16221

苏同华^{1, 2,},
薛峰²,
刘锦绣¹,
吕思思¹,
董啸²

1.
福建省气象台, 福州 350001
2.
中国科学院大气物理研究所国际气候与环境科学中心, 北京 100029

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目 41405056

国家自然科学基金青年科学基金项目面上项目 41475052

福建省自然科学基金青年创新项目 2015J05078

华东区域气象科技协同创新基金合作项目 QYHZ201405

详细信息

作者简介:
苏同华, 男, 1982年出生, 博士, 高级工程师, 主要从事天气预报、模式释用、东亚季风研究。E-mail:thsu1205@163.com

中图分类号: P466
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2016-12-16
- 网络出版日期: 2017-01-24
- 刊出日期: 2018-01-20

Abnormal Activities of the Western Pacific Subtropical High without Remarkable SST Anomaly Forcing: A Comparison between 1980 and 1981

1.
Fujian Meteorological Observatory, Fuzhou 350001
2.
International Center for Climate and Environment Sciences, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41405056

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41475052

Fujian Science Foundation 2015J05078

East China Cooperative Innovation Foundation of Meteorological Science and Technology QYHZ201405

摘要

摘要: 1980年和1981年夏季及其前期冬春季太平洋和印度洋海温均未出现显著异常。然而，这两年东亚夏季风环流的季节内变化却呈现显著异常，且截然不同，具体表征为：1980年西太平洋副热带高压（副高）第一次北跳异常偏早，第二次北跳异常偏晚，而1981年则相反，第一次北跳接近气候态，第二次北跳却异常偏早。就副高两次北跳过程而言，其直接原因也有显著差异：1980年副高两次北跳主要受热带西太平洋对流增强的影响，而1981年两次北跳则是由于热带西太平洋对流增强后所激发的极向传播的Rossby波列与中高纬度东传的Rossby波的锁相作用造成的。与北跳过程相比，副高北跳前后环流稳定维持的时间长短显得更为重要。研究表明，1980年夏季副高异常程度之所以堪比1983年和1998年强El Niño衰减年，主要是由于不同阶段南半球环流和北半球中高纬度环流的相互配合与接力，其中，6月和8月副高异常偏强对夏季平均副高异常偏强起到主要贡献，但二者的影响因子不同：6月主要受马斯克林高压（马高）偏强的影响，而8月则与澳大利亚高压（澳高）异常偏强有关。此外，7月和8月副高异常偏南是因为鄂霍茨克海阻塞高压长期维持。与1980年相比，1981年夏季马高和澳高均异常偏弱，因而南半球环流对副高异常的影响有限。北半球中高纬度环流的季节内变化对该年夏季副高的快速北进和南退起主导作用，特别是8月中高纬度盛行强烈的经向环流，使得副高异常偏东偏弱，从而导致夏季平均副高异常偏东偏弱。本文的个例分析表明，在无显著海温异常强迫的年份需要特别关注南半球环流和北半球中高纬度环流对副高及与之相关的东亚夏季风环流的季节内演变的影响，但是这些环流因子持续性较差，难以用于跨季度预测。
- 副高北跳 /
- 东亚夏季风 /
- 热带对流 /
- 中高纬度环流 /
- 南半球环流
Abstract: Evident sea surface temperature anomalies (SSTAs) were not observed over the Pacific and Indian Oceans in the summer and the preceding winter and spring of 1980 and 1981.Yet intraseasonal variation of the East Asian summer monsoon (EASM) circulation exhibited significant anomalies in both years with large differences. The western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) experienced a much earlier first jump and an obviously later second jump in 1980, while a near-normal first jump and a notably earlier second jump were found in 1981. It was also noted that the jump processes in both years were influenced by different factors. In 1980, both jumps were induced by the enhancement of tropical western Pacific convection. In 1981, however, both jumps were attributed to the phase-locking of the poleward propagation of Rossby wave trains induced by the intensified convection in the tropical western Pacific and the eastward propagation of Rossby waves in the middle and high latitudes. Compared with the jump processes, the maintenance of stable circulations during pre-and post-jumps was more important. Due to the cooperation of the southern hemispheric circulation and circulation in the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere at various periods, the extent of the WPSH anomaly in the summer of 1980 was comparable to that in strong El Niño decay years like 1983 and 1998. Specifically, the abnormally strong WPSH in June and August played a much more important role in the remarkable anomaly of summer-mean WPSH. Note that the stronger than normal WPSH in June and August was related to the enhancements of the Mascarene high (MH) and the Australian high (AH), respectively. In addition, the WPSH tended to shift southward in July and August since the blocking high in the Okhotsk Sea persisted for a long time. In contrast, the MH and AH in the summer of 1981 were relatively weak, resulting in a weak influence on the WPSH. Instead, the intraseasonal variation of circulation in the middle and high latitudes played a leading role in the rapid northward advance and subsequent southward retreat of WPSH. In particular, the prevalence of meridional circulation in August led to a weaker WPSH that shifted eastward. As a result, the whole summer-mean WPSH tended to be weaker than normal as well. The case study showed that in the absence of SSTA forcing, special attention should be paid to the influence of the southern hemispheric circulation and circulation in the middle and high latitudes of the Northern Hemisphere on the intraseasonal evolution of the WPSH and associated EASM circulation. On the other hand, both factors are difficult to be used in the seasonal prediction due to their relatively short periods of maintenance.
- Western Pacific subtropical high jump /
- East Asian summer monsoon /
- Tropical convection /
- Circulation in the middle and high latitudes /
- Southern hemispheric circulation

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图 1 西太平洋副热带高压各种指数的逐候演变曲线：（a）脊线指数；（b）西伸指数；（c）北界指数；（d）面积指数。短虚线：1980年；长虚线：1981年；实线：气候平均

Figure 1. Pentad evolutions of various western Pacific subtropical high (WPSH) indexes: (a) Ridge line index; (b) westward extending index; (c) northern borderline index; (d) area index. Short dashed line: 1980; long dashed line: 1981; solid line: climatic mean

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图 2 夏季不同月份和季度平均西太平洋副高（gpm）：（a）6月；（b）7月；（c）8月；（d）夏季平均。短虚线：1980年；长虚线：1981年；实线：气候平均

Figure 2. Western Pacific subtropical high indicated by 5880 gpm contour: (a) Jun; (b) Jul; (c) Aug; (d) summer mean. Short dashed line: 1980; long dashed line: 1981; solid line: Climatic mean

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图 3 110°E~130°E平均200 hPa纬向风的时间—纬度剖面：（a）1980年；（b）1981年

Figure 3. Time-latitude cross sections of 200-hPa zonal wind averaged over 110°E-130°E: (a) 1980; (b) 1981

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图 4 110°E~130°E平均CMAP候平均降水的时间—纬度剖面：（a）1980年；（b）1981年

Figure 4. Time-latitude cross sections of CMAP pentad-mean precipitation averaged over 110°E-130°E: (a) 1980; (b) 1981

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图 5 1980年（左列）和1981年（右列）基于中国160站降水资料的降水异常百分率（%）：（a、e）6月；（b、f）7月；（c、g）8月；（d、h）夏季平均

Figure 5. Percentage of precipitation anomalies (%) in 1980 (left column) and 1981 (right column) based on 160-station precipitation data in China: (a, e) Jun; (b, f) Jul; (c, g) Aug; (d, h) summer mean

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图 6 （a、b）1980年和（c、d）1981年副高第一次（左列）、第二次（右列）北跳前、后旬平均的500 hPa位势高度场（以5880 gpm表征）

Figure 6. 10-day-mean geopotential height fields at 500 hPa (indicated by 5880 gpm) during pre-and post-first jump (left panel) and pre-and post-second jump (right panel) of WPSH in 1980 (upper panel) and 1981 (lower panel)

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图 7 1980年副高两次北跳前、后旬平均850 hPa风场差（箭头）及OLR差值场（填色）：（a）32、33候平均（6月5~14日）与30、31候平均（5月26日至6月4日）之差；（b）46、47候平均（8月14~23日）与44、45候平均（8月4~13日）之差。图中C代表异常气旋，A代表异常反气旋

Figure 7. Differences in 10-day-mean 850-hPa wind (vectors) and outgoing longwave radiation (OLR, shadings) between post-and pre-WPSH jumps in 1980: (a) Pentad 32-33 (5-14 Jun) minus pentad 30-31 (26 May-4 Jun); (b) pentad 46-47 (14-23 Aug) minus pentad 44-45 (4-13 Aug). C and A in the figures indicate cyclone and anticyclone, respectively

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图 8 1980年第45候（8月9~13日）与第44候（8月4~8日）风场差值。图中C代表异常气旋，A代表异常反气旋；黑色粗箭头表示异常越赤道气流

Figure 8. Wind differences between pentad 45 (9-13 Aug) and pentad 44 (4-8 Aug) in 1980. C and A in the figure indicate cyclone and anticyclone, respectively; thick black arrows indicate anomalous cross-equator flows

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图 9 1981年副高两次北跳前、后旬平均850 hPa风场差（箭头）及OLR差值场（填色）：（a）34、35候（6月15~24日）平均与32、33候（6月5~14日）平均之差；（b）39、40候（7月10~19日）平均与37、38候（6月30至7月9日）平均之差。C代表异常气旋，A代表异常反气旋

Figure 9. Differences in 10-day-mean 850-hPa wind (vectors) and OLR (shagings) between post-and pre-WPSH jumps in 1981: (a) Pentad 34−35 (15−24 Jun) minus pentad 32−33 (5−14 Jun); (b) pentad 39−40 (10−19 Jul) minus pentad 37−38 (30 Jun−9 Jul). C and A in the figures indicate cyclone and anticyclone, respectively

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图 10 不同时间平均的副高（以500 hPa位势高度场的5880 gpm等值线为表征）：（a）6月；（b）7月；（c）8月；（d）夏季平均。红线：1980年；绿线：1983年；蓝线：1998年；黑线：气候平均

Figure 10. Western Pacific subtropical high at 500 hPa indicated by 5880 gpm contour: (a) Jun; (b) Jul; (c) Aug; (d) summer mean. Red line: 1980; green line: 1983; blue line: 1998; black line: Climatic mean

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图 11 东亚区域平均（20°N~40°N，110°E~130°E）风场标准化变差度（d²）的时间—高度剖面：（a）1980年；（b）1981年；（c）1983年；（d）1998年。阴影：d²＞0.2

Figure 11. Time-height cross sections of the normalized finite temporal variation (d²) of wind fields averaged over (20°N-40°N, 110°E-130°E): (a) 1980; (b) 1981; (c) 1983; (d)1998. Shaded area indicates the value of d² is greater than 0.2

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图 12 1980年夏季不同时段850 hPa异常风场与500 hPa位势高度场（单位：gpm）：（a）6月；（b）7月；（c）8月1~10日；（d）8月11~31日。位势高度场仅给出5650 gpm和5880 gpm等值线；红实线：1980年，蓝虚线：气候平均；C表示异常气旋，A表示异常反气旋

Figure 12. 850-hPa wind anomalies and 500-hPa geopotential height (gpm) in different periods of 1980: (a) Jun, (b) Jul, (c) 1-10 Aug, and (d) 11-31 Aug. The contours of 5650 gpm and 5880 gpm are shown only. Red line: 1980, blue line: climatic mean. C and A in the figures indicate cyclone and anticyclone, respectively

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图 13 1981年夏季不同时段850 hPa异常风场与500 hPa位势高度场（单位：gpm）：（a）6月1~15日；（b）6月16日至7月10日；（c）7月11~31日；（d）8月。位势高度场仅给出5650 gpm和5880 gpm等值线。红实线：1980年，蓝虚线：气候平均

Figure 13. 850-hPa wind anomalies and 500-hPa geopotential height (gpm) in different periods of 1981: (a) 1−15 Jun, (b) 16 Jun−10 Jul, (c) 11−31 Jul, and (d) Aug. The contours of 5650 gpm and 5880 gpm are shown only. Red line: 1980, blue line: climatic mean

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