1951~2010年云贵高原大理和丽江气温、降水的气候特征分析

刘翔卿; 王雷; 刘阳; 孙绩华

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.17040

1951~2010年云贵高原大理和丽江气温、降水的气候特征分析

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.17040

刘翔卿^1,,
王雷^2, ,,
刘阳^{2, 3},
孙绩华⁴

1.
云南省腾冲机场气象台, 云南腾冲 679100
2.
中国科学院大气物理研究所大气边界层物理和大气化学国家重点实验室, 北京 100029
3.
中国科学院研究生院, 北京 100049
4.
云南省气象科学研究所, 昆明 650034

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 91537212

国家自然科学基金项目 41675013

国家自然科学基金项目 41661144018

国家自然科学基金项目 41461144001

详细信息

作者简介:
刘翔卿, 男, 1987年出生, 助理工程师, 主要从事高原大气综合观测分析研究。E-mail:155014609@qq.com

通讯作者:
王雷, E-mail:wangl@mail.iap.ac.cn

中图分类号: P401
计量
- 文章访问数: 1439
- HTML全文浏览量: 12
- PDF下载量: 1063
- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-03-14
- 网络出版日期: 2017-06-19
- 刊出日期: 2018-09-20

Climatological Characteristics of Air Temperature and Precipitation at Dali and Lijiang in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau from 1951 to 2010

Xiangqing LIU^1
,,
Lei WANG^{2
, ,},
Yang LIU^{2, 3},
Jihua SUN⁴

1.
Meteorological office of Tengchong Airport of Yunnan Province, Tengchong, Yunnan Province 679100
2.
State key laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029
3.
University of Chinese Academy of Science, Beijing 100049
4.
Yunnan Research Institute of Meteorology, Kunming 650034

Funds:

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 91537212

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 41675013

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 41661144018

the National Natural Science Foundation of China 41461144001

摘要

摘要: 利用大理和丽江气象站1951~2010年的逐日气象资料，分析了横断山脉东部气温、降水的气候特征。结果表明，1991年以后，大理和丽江地区均存在显著增温的趋势（0.58和0.55℃/10 a），明显高于同时期中国平均气温的增加幅度；而在1991年之前，大理和丽江的年平均气温呈现下降或微弱上升的趋势（-0.14和0.07℃/10 a）。与夏季平均气温的增温幅度相比，冬季平均气温的增温更显著，且其变化趋势与年均气温的气候特征是一致的。大理和丽江年总降水及各季节降水量在1951~2010年并没有明显增加或减少的趋势。大理和丽江雨季开始的时间分别为第28候和第30候，持续时间分别约为5.5和4.5个月。20世纪80年代以后，丽江年平均风速的减小强度明显大于大理，这是因为丽江站地处城区，城市化剧烈，地表粗糙度增加显著。日照时数与云量呈反相的季节变化，降水量的多年平均的逐候变化与日照时数、总云量、尤其是低云云量相关，随风速增大而减小。
- 气温 /
- 降水 /
- 大理 /
- 丽江 /
- 云贵高原
Abstract: Using daily meteorological observations collected at Dali and Lijiang stations from 1951 to 2010, we analyze the climatological characteristics in the eastern part of Hengduan Mountains. The results show that the annual mean surface air temperature obviously has been increasing after 1991 (0.58 and 0.55℃/10 a at Dali and Lijiang, respectively), and the increase is significantly larger than that for the entire China. However, the annual mean surface air temperature decreased at Dali and increased slightly at Lijiang (-0.14 and 0.07℃/10 a at Dali and Lijiang, respectively) before 1991. Compared with the range of mean temperature increase in the summer, the mean temperature increase in the winter is more significantly, and the trend of mean temperature change in the winter is consistent with that of annual mean temperature. There are no obvious changing trends of annual total precipitation and seasonal precipitation at Dali and Lijiang from 1951 to 2010. The rainy season for Dali and Lijiang starts from Pentad 28 and 30, respectively. The rainy season lasts for 5.5 and 4.5 months at Dali and Lijiang, respectively. Since the 1980s, the increase in annual mean wind speed at Lijiang is larger than that at Dali. This is because the Lijiang meteorological station is located at the urban area of Lijiang and the urbanization has led to large increase in the surface roughness. The seasonal variations of sunshine duration and cloud cover (including total cloud and low cloud) are opposite. The pentad-mean precipitation is correlated with sunshine duration and total cloud, especially low cloud, and decreases with increasing wind speed.
- Air temperature /
- Precipitation /
- Dali /
- Lijiang /
- Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau

HTML全文

图 1 1951~2010年大理（a）年平均气温、（b）夏季平均气温和（c）冬季平均气温的变化趋势，图中k为温度变化率（单位：℃/a），R为拟合的相关系数

Figure 1. (a) Annual mean temperature, (b) summertime mean temperature, and (c) wintertime mean temperature at Dali from 1951 to 2010, where k (℃/ a) is the increase rate of air temperature, and R is the correlation coefficient

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 同图 1，但为丽江情况

Figure 2. Same as Fig. 1, but at Lijiang

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 （a）1951~1990年和（b）1991~2010年大理月平均气温（TEM）、月最高温度（T_max）和月最低温度（T_min）逐月的历史变化趋势

Figure 3. Trends of monthly mean air temperature (TEM), monthly maximum air temperature (T_max), and monthly minimum air temperature (T_min) at Dali during (a) 1951-1990 and (b) 1991-2010

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 4 同图 3，但为丽江情况

Figure 4. Same as Fig. 3, but at Lijiang

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 1951~2010年大理（a）月平均最高气温、（b）月平均最低气温和（c）月平均的气温日较差（DTR）的逐月变化

Figure 5. (a) Monthly maximum air temperature, (b) monthly minimum air temperature, and (c) diurnal temperature range (DTR) at Dali from 1951 to 2010

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 同图 5，但为丽江情况

Figure 6. Same as Fig. 5, but at Lijiang

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 7 1959~2010年（a）大理和（b）丽江年平均土壤温度（T_s，0 cm）的变化

Figure 7. Annual mean soil temperature (T_s, 0 cm) at (a) Dali and (b) Lijiang from 1959 to 2010

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 8 1951~2010年（a）大理和（b）丽江气温（T_a）和土壤温度（T_s）平均的逐候季节变化

Figure 8. Seasonal variations of pentadic mean air temperature (T_a) and soil temperature (T_s) from 1951 to 2010 at (a) Dali and (b) Lijiang

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 9 1951~2010年（a）大理和（b）丽江年总降水量（PPT）的变化

Figure 9. Changes in annual total precipitation (PPT) at (a) Daliand (b) Lijiang from 1951 to 2010

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 13 1951~2010年（a）大理和（b）丽江年平均风速在的逐年变化

Figure 13. Annual mean wind speeds from 1951 to 2010 at (a) Dali and (b) Lijiang, where slope is the increase rate of wind speed (m s^-1 a^-1), and R is the correlation coefficient

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 14 1951~2010年大理和丽江（a）日照时数、（b）总云量和（c）低云量平均的逐候季节变化

Figure 14. Seasonal variations of pentadic (a) sunshine duration, (b) total cloud, and (c) low cloud averaged from 1951 to 2010 at Dali and Lijiang

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 15 1951~2010年平均的逐候降水量和（a）日照时数、（b）总云量、（c）低云量和（d）风速的关系。R²为物理量之间的决定系数

Figure 15. Relationship between pentadic precipitation and (a) sunshine duration, (b) total cloud, (c) low cloud, and (d) wind speed averaged from 1951 to 2010. R² is the determination coefficient between variables

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 16 1951~2010年平均的逐候（a）水汽压、（b）相对湿度和降水量的关系。R²为物理量之间的决定系数

Figure 16. Relationship of pentadic (a) vapor pressure and (b) relative humidity with precipitation averaged from 1951 to 2010. R² is the determination coefficient between variables

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 10 1951~2010年（a）大理和（b）丽江降水量平均的逐候季节变化，图中虚线位置是多年平均降水量

Figure 10. Seasonal variations of pentadic total precipitation from 1951 to 2010 at (a) Dali and (b) Lijiang. The dashed line represents multi-year mean precipitation

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 11 1951~2010年大理（a、b）全年日降水量和（c、d）5~10月日降水量的频率分布：（a、c）日降水以10 mm为一格点；（b、d）日降水以2 mm为一格点

Figure 11. Frequency distribution of daily precipitation (a, b) for the whole year and (c, d) from May to October at Dali from 1951 to 2010: (a, c) With a precipitation bins of 10 mm; (b, d) with a precipitation bins of 2 mm

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 12 同图 11，但为丽江

Figure 12. Same as Fig. 11, but at Lijiang

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

参考文献(12)

[1]	Beniston M, Rebetez M. 1996. Regional behavior of minimum temperatures in Switzerland for the period 1979-1993[J]. Theor. Appl. Climatol., 53:231-243, doi: 10.1007/BF00871739.
[2]	Fan Z X, Bräuning A, Thomas A, et al. 2011. Spatial and temporal temperature trends on the Yunnan Plateau (Southwest China) during 1961-2004[J]. International Journal of Climatology, 31:2078-2090, doi: 10.1002/joc.2214.
[3]	Hansen J, Sato M, Ruedy R, et al. 2006. Global temperature change[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103 (39):14288-14293, doi: 10.1073/pnas.0606291103.
[4]	何元庆, 章典. 2004.气候变暖是玉龙雪山冰川退缩的主要原因[J].冰川冻土, 26:230-231. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0240.2004.02.020 He Yuanqing, Zhang Dian. 2004. Climatic warming is the major reason for glacier retreat on Mt. Yulong, China[J]. Journal of Glaciology and Geocryology (in Chinese), 26:230-231, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-0240.2004.02.020.
[5]	IPCC. 2007. Summary for policymakers[C]//Solomon S, Qin D, Manning M, et al. Climate Change 2007: The Physical Science Basis, Contribution of Working Group Ⅰ to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change. Cambridge, New York: Cambridge University Press, 1-18.
[6]	Li J, Yu R C, Yuan W H, et al. 2011. Early spring dry spell in the southeastern margin of the Tibetan plateau[J]. J. Meteor. Soc. Japan, 89 (1):1-13. doi: 10.2151/jmsj.2011-101
[7]	Liu X D, Yin Z Y, Shao X M, et al. 2006. Temporal trends and variability of daily maximum and minimum, extreme temperature events, and growing season length over the eastern and central Tibetan Plateau during 1961-2003[J]. J. Geophys. Res., 111:D19109, doi: 10.1029/2005JD006915.
[8]	鲁亚斌, 解明恩, 范菠, 等. 2008.春季高原东南角多雨中心的气候特征及水汽输送分析[J].高原气象, 27 (6):1189-1194. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=CAS201303040000011854 Lu Yabin, Xie Ming'en, Fan Bo, et al. 2008. Analyses on climatic features and water vapour transportation of rainy center in southeast corner of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau in Spring[J]. Plateau Meteorology (in Chinese), 27 (6):1189-1194. http://www.wanfangdata.com.cn/details/detail.do?_type=perio&id=CAS201303040000011854
[9]	Saito M, Kato T, Tang Y H. 2009. Temperature controls ecosystem CO₂ exchange of an alpine meadow on the northeastern Tibetan Plateau[J]. Global Change Biology, 15:221-228, doi:10.1111/j.1365-2486.2008. 01713.x.
[10]	Wang S W, Zhu J H, Cai J N. 2004. Interdecadal variability of temperature and precipitation in China since 1880[J]. Advances in Atmospheric Sciences, 21 (3):307-313, doi: 10.1007/BF02915560.
[11]	肖潺, 宇如聪, 原韦华, 等. 2013.横断山脉中西部降水的季节演变特征[J].气象学报, 71 (4):643-651. doi: 10.11676/qxxb2013.054 Xiao Chan, Yu Rucong, Yuan Weihua, et al. 2013. Characteristics of the seasonal evolution of precipitation over the central western part of the Hengduan Mountain[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese), 71 (4):643-651, doi: 10.11676/qxxb2013.054.
[12]	徐祥德, 陶诗言, 王继志, 等. 2002.青藏高原-季风水汽输送"大三角扇型"影响域特征与中国区域旱涝异常的关系[J].气象学报, 60:257-267. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0577-6619.2002.03.001 Xu Xiangde, Tao Shiyan, Wang Jizhi, et al. 2002. The relationship between water vapor transport features of Tibetan Plateau-Monsoon "Large Triangle" affecting region and drought-flood abnormality of China[J]. Acta Meteorologica Sinica (in Chinese), 60:257-267, doi: 10.3321/j.issn:0577-6619.2002.03.001.