Spatial-Temporal Distribution and Variation of Land Surface Albedo over the Tibetan Plateau during 2000-2016
-
摘要: 应用MODIS地表反照率产品MCD43C3,结合青藏高原自然带数据、积雪覆盖率和植被指数数据,采用一元线性回归方法分析了2000~2016年青藏高原地表反照率的分布及变化特征,结果表明:1)高原地表反照率空间分布差异大,整体上东南部低、西北部高,受地形和地表覆盖影响较大。2)高原地表反照率四季的空间分布变化明显,高海拔山脉和高寒灌丛草甸是高原地表反照率年内和年际变化的敏感地区。3)高原地表反照率年变化介于0.19~0.26,一定程度上表现为“双峰单谷”型,与地表覆盖类型的季节变化密切相关。4)高原地表反照率年际变化整体呈缓慢波动减小的趋势,平均变率约为-0.4×10-3 a-1,减小的区域约占高原总面积的66%,川西 —藏东针叶林带的西南部地区减小得最快,减小速率超过1.0×10-2 a-1。5)高原地表反照率减小与冰川消融和积雪减少密切相关,高原植被覆盖改善也是一个重要因素。Abstract: To accurately describe the spatial-temporal distribution and variation of land surface albedo over the Tibetan Plateau (TP), the spatial-temporal distribution and variation of land surface albedo over the TP from 2000 to 2016 are statistically analyzed in the present study based on MODIS (MODerate resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer) surface albedo data MCD43C3, natural geographic zones data of the TP, and data of snow cover fraction and vegetation index. The main results are as follows:1) There exists large spatial variation of land surface albedo, which is low over the southeastern plateau and high over the northwestern plateau due to influences of topography and surface cover. 2) The spatial distribution of land surface albedo changes obviously with season. High-elevation mountain ranges and alpine shrub meadows are sensitive areas for annual and interannual variations of land surface albedo over the TP. 3) Land surface albedo over the TP varies between 0.19-0.26 annually, and partly shows a double peak and single valley pattern, which is closely related to seasonal changes of land cover types. 4) In general, during the past 17 years, the interannual variation of land surface albedo indicates that the annually averaged albedo over the TP decreases gradually with an average rate of -0.4×10-3 a-1 that covers 66% of the entire plateau. Land surface albedo decreases most obviously with a rate of more than 1.0×10-2 a-1 in the southwestern of coniferous forest belt which is in western Sichuan and eastern TP. 5) Seasonal snow loss and glacier ablation are closely related to the decrease of land surface albedo over the TP, and the improvement of vegetation cover is also an important reason.
-
Key words:
- Land surface albedo /
- Spatial-temporal distribution /
- Variation /
- Tibetan Plateau /
- MODIS data
-
表 1 青藏高原自然地带划分(郑度,1996)
Table 1. Natural geographic zones of the Tibetan Plateau (Zheng, 1996)
温度带 干湿地区 自然地带 Ⅰ高原亚寒带 B半湿润地区 ⅠB1 果洛那曲高寒灌丛草甸地带 C半干旱地区 ⅠC1 青南高寒草甸草原地带 ⅠC2 羌塘高寒草原地带 D干旱地区 ⅠD1 昆仑高寒荒漠地带 Ⅱ高原温带 A/B湿润/半湿润地区 ⅡAB1川西藏东山地针叶林带 C半干旱地区 ⅡC1 藏南山地灌从草原地带 ⅡC2 青东祁连山地草原地带 D干旱地区 ⅡD1 阿里山地荒漠半荒漠地带 ⅡD2 柴达木山地荒漠地带 ⅡD3 昆仑北翼山地荒漠地带 O山地亚热带 A湿润地区 OA1东喜马拉雅南翼山地常绿阔叶林带 -
[1] Atlaskina K, Berninger F, De Leeuw G. 2015. Satellite observations of changes in snow-covered land surface albedo during spring in the Northern Hemisphere[J]. The Cryosphere Discussions, 9 (3):2745-2782, doi: 10.5194/tcd-9-2745-2015. [2] 蔡福, 周广胜, 李荣平, 等. 2011.陆面过程模型对下垫面参数动态变化的敏感性分析[J].地球科学进展, 26 (3):300-310. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2011.03.0300Cai Fu, Zhou Guangsheng, Li Rongping, et al. 2011. Sensitivity of land surfaces model to dynamic land surface parameters[J]. Advances in Earth Science (in Chinese), 26 (3):300-310, doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2011.03.0300. [3] 岑思弦, 巩远发, 赖欣. 2014.青藏高原及其周围地区大气热源对川渝盆地夏季降水的影响[J].高原气象, 33 (5):1182-1189. doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00122Cen Sixian, Gong Yuanfa, Lai Xin. 2014. Impact of heat source over Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its surrounding areas on rainfall in Sichuan-Chongqing basin in summer[J]. Plateau Meteorology (in Chinese), 33 (5):1182-1189, doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2013.00122. [4] 陈爱军, 梁学伟, 卞林根, 等. 2012.青藏高原地区MODIS反照率的精度分析[J].大气科学学报, 35 (6):664-672. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7097.2012.06.005Chen Aijun, Liang Xuewei, Bian Lingen, et al. 2012. Assessment on the accuracy of MODIS albedos over the Tibetan Plateau[J]. Transactions of Atmospheric Sciences (in Chinese), 35 (6):664-672, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7097.2012.06.005. [5] 陈爱军, 梁学伟, 卞林根, 等. 2016.青藏高原MODIS地表反照率反演结果的空间分布[J].高原气象, 35 (6):1409-1418. doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00111Chen Aijun, Liang Xuewei, Bian Lingen, et al. 2016. Spatial distribution characteristics of MODIS land surface albedo inversions over the Qinghai-Xizang Plateau[J]. Plateau Meteorology (in Chinese), 35 (6):1409-1418, doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2015.00111. [6] 除多. 2016. 2000~2014年西藏高原积雪覆盖时空变化[J].高原山地气象研究, 36 (1):27-37. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2184·2016.01.005Chu Duo. 2016. Spatial-temporal variations of snow cover on the Tibet autonomous region from 2000 to 2014 using MODIS data[J]. Plateau and Mountain Meteorology Research (in Chinese), 36 (1):27-37, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-2184·2016.01.005. [7] Collins W D, Rasch P J, Boville B A, et al. 2004. Description of the NCAR community atmosphere model (CAM 3. 0)[R]. NCAR Tech. Note NCAR/TN-464+STR, 226. [8] Dickinson R E. 1983. Land surface processes and climate-surface albedos and energy balance[J]. Advances in Geophysics, 25:305-353, doi:10. 1016/S0065-2687(08)60176-4. [9] Lewis P, Barnsley M J. 1994. Influence of the sky radiance distribution on various formulations of the earth surface albedo[C]//Proceedings of the 6th International Symposium on Physical Measurements and Signatures in Remote Sensing. France: ISPRS, 707-715. [10] 孟宪红, 吕世华, 林蟒, 等. 2015. MODIS时空变化地表反照率在我国西北干旱半干旱气候模拟研究中的应用[C]//第32届中国气象学会年会S5干旱陆面过程与气候变化. 天津: 中国气象学会, 1-2.Meng Xianhua, Lü Shihua, Lin Mang, et al. 2015. Application about MODIS temporal and spatial variation of surface albedo in the arid northwest China's semi arid climate simulation research[C]//China Meteorological Society Annual Meeting S5 Arid Land Surface Process and Climate Change (in Chinese). Tianjin: Chinese Meteorological Society, 1-2. [11] Schaaf C B, Gao F, Strahler A H, et al. 2002. First operational BRDF, albedo nadir reflectance products from MODIS[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 83 (1-2):135-148, doi: 10.1016/S0034-4257(02)00091-3. [12] Schaaf C B, Liu J C, Gao F, et al. 2011. Aqua and Terra MODIS albedo and reflectance anisotropy products[M]//Ramachandran B, Justice C O, Abrams M J. Land Remote Sensing and Global Environmental Change. New York: Springer, 549-561, doi: 10.1007/978-1-4419-6749-7_24. [13] Stokes G M, Schwartz S E. 1994. The Atmospheric Radiation Measurement (ARM) Program:Programmatic background and design of the cloud and radiation test bed[J]. Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 75 (7):1201-1222, doi:10.1175/1520-0477(1994)075<1201:TARMPP>2.0.CO;2. [14] 王鸽. 2010. 1982~2000年中国区域地表反照率时空分布特征[J].高原气象, 29 (1):146-151. http://www.oalib.com/paper/1581491Wang Ge. 2010. Distribution of surface albedo in China during 1982-2000[J]. Plateau Meteorology (in Chinese), 29 (1):146-151. http://www.oalib.com/paper/1581491 [15] 王鸽, 韩琳, 姬光杰. 2011. 1982~1998年中国不同地区地表反照率变化原因初探[J].重庆师范大学学报(自然科学版), 28 (4):79-83. http://d.old.wanfangdata.com.cn/Periodical/cqsfxyxb201104018Wang Ge, Han Lin, Ji Guangjie. 2011. Research of the reason for variations of surface albedo in different areas in China from 1982 to 1998[J]. Journal of Chongqing Normal University (Natural Science Edition) (in Chinese), 28 (4):79-83, doi: 50-1165/N.20110708.1116.002. [16] Wang K C, Liu J M, Zhou X J, et al. 2004. Validation of the MODIS global land surface albedo product using ground measurements in a semidesert region on the Tibetan Plateau[J]. J. Geophys. Res., 109 (D5):D05107, doi: 10.1029/2003JD004229. [17] 王艺, 朱彬, 刘煜, 等. 2011.中国地区近10年地表反照率变化趋势[J].气象科技, 39 (2):147-155. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-6345.2011.02.004Wang Yi, Zhu Bin, Liu Yu, et al. 2011. Trend of surface albedo changes in China in last decade[J]. Meteorological Science and Technology (in Chinese), 39 (2):147-155, doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1671-6345.2011.02.004. [18] Wang Z S, Schaaf C B, Chopping M J, et al. 2012. Evaluation of Moderate-resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer (MODIS) snow albedo product (MCD43A) over tundra[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 117:264-280, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2011.10.002. [19] Wang Z S, Schaaf C B, Strahler A H, et al. 2014. Evaluation of MODIS albedo product (MCD43A) over grassland, agriculture and forest surface types during dormant and snow-covered periods[J]. Remote Sensing of Environment, 140:60-77, doi: 10.1016/j.rse.2013.08.025. [20] 王正兴, 刘闯, Huete A. 2003.植被指数研究进展:从AVHRR-NDVI到MODIS-EVI[J].生态学报, 23 (5):979-987. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2003.05.020Wang Zhengxing, Liu Chuang, Huete A. 2003. From AVHRR-NDVI to MODIS-EVI:Advances in vegetation index research[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica (in Chinese), 23 (5):979-987, doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-0933.2003.05.020. [21] 魏凤英. 1999.现代气候统计诊断与预测技术[M].北京:气象出版社, 43-47.Wei Fengying. 1999. Modern Statistics and Prediction Technique on Climate (in Chinese)[M]. Beijing:China Meteorological Press, 43-47. [22] 肖登攀, 陶福禄, Moiwo Juana P. 2011.全球变化下地表反照率研究进展[J].地球科学进展, 26 (11):1217-1224. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2011.11.1217Xiao Dengpan, Tao Fulu, Moiwo Juana P. 2011. Research progress on surface albedo under global change[J]. Advances in Earth Science (in Chinese), 26 (11):1217-1224, doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2011.11.1217. [23] 叶笃正, 高由禧. 1979.青藏高原气象学[M].北京:科学出版社, 7-9.Ye Duzheng, Gao Youxi. 1979. Meteorology of the Tibetan Plateau (in Chinese)[M]. Beijing:Science Press, 7-9. [24] 张强, 胡向军, 王胜, 等. 2009.黄土高原陆面过程试验研究(LOPEX)有关科学问题[J].地球科学进展, 24 (4):363-372. doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2009.04.0363Zhang Qiang, Hu Xiangjun, Wang Sheng, et al. 2009. Some technological and scientific issues about the experimental study of land surface processes in Chinese Loess Plateau (LOPEX)[J]. Advances in Earth Science (in Chinese), 24 (4):363-372, doi: 10.11867/j.issn.1001-8166.2009.04.0363. [25] Zhang T, Scambos T, Haran T, et al. 2003. Ground-based and satellite-derived measurements of surface albedo on the north slope of Alaska[J]. Journal of Hydrometeorology, 4 (1):77-91, doi:10.1175/1525-7541 (2003)004<0077:GBASDM>2.0.CO;2. [26] 赵勇, 李如琦, 杨霞, 等. 2013. 5月青藏高原地区感热异常对北疆夏季降水的影响[J].高原气象, 32 (5):1215-1223. doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00117Zhao Yong, Li Ruqi, Yang Xia, et al. 2013. Impact of the anomaly of surface sensible heat in Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and its surrounding areas on summertime precipitation in northern Xinjiang[J]. Plateau Meteorology (in Chinese), 32 (5):1215-1223, doi: 10.7522/j.issn.1000-0534.2012.00117. [27] 郑度. 1996.青藏高原自然地域系统研究[J].中国科学(D辑:地球科学), 26 (4):336-341. doi: 10.1360/yd1996-39-4-410Zheng Du. 1996. The system of physico-geographical regions of the Qinghai-Xizang (Tibet) Plateau[J]. Science in China (Ser. D:Earth Sciences), 39 (4):410-417, doi: 10.1360/yd1996-39-4-410. -