Climatological Characteristics and Long-Term Trend of Relative Humidity in Wuhan
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摘要: 在对相对湿度(RH)序列进行均一性检验和订正的基础上,分析了武汉4个城市站RH的气候学特征和长期变化趋势。结果表明:(1)迁站对RH序列引起较大非均一性偏差,其中武汉站2010年迁站引起的偏差达到8%;(2)城区年平均RH较高,介于75%~85%,武汉站最高;(3)每年1~6月城区RH逐渐增加,6月达到峰值,之后缓慢减少,但季节内变化一般很小,月际间差异仅有0.1%~2.5%,存在夏季RH最高,春、秋次之,冬季最低的季节性特征;(4)武汉城市区域1961~2015年平均RH总体呈长期减少趋势,线性变化趋势-0.81%/10 a,20世纪90年代之后下降趋势加剧;(5)近55年城区春、秋、冬3个季节平均RH均呈不同程度的下降,以春季最为明显,夏季存在较为显著的上升趋势,但1991后年及四季均呈现显著的下降趋势。Abstract: Based on the homogeneity test and correction of the relative humidity series, climatological characteristics and long-term trend of relative humidity in the urban area of Wuhan are analyzed. The results showed that:(1) The non-homogeneity deviation caused by relocated stations in the relative humidity series is prodigious, and the deviation caused by relocation of Wuhan station in 2010 is 8%. (2) Annual average relative humidity in the urban area of Wuhan remains high, and the values vary between 75%-85% with the highest value occurring at Wuhan station. (3) The relative humidity gradually increases from January to June, and then begins to decrease slowly after reaching its peak value in June. Monthly differences are pretty small with the values within 0.1%-2.5%. Seasonal characteristics of relative humidity in the urban area of Wuhan show that the RH is the highest in the summer and lowest in the winter during the whole year. (4) From 1961 to 2015, the average relative humidity in the urban area of Wuhan urban area exhibited a long-term decreasing trend, and the linear trend was accelerated after the 1990s. (5) In the past 55 years, time series of average relative humidity in the spring, autumn, and winter all show declining trends in varied degrees, of which the trend in the spring is more obvious, and a significant rising trend is found in the summer. However, the annual and seasonal means are showing a significant downward trend after 1991.
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Key words:
- Relative humidity /
- Data non-uniformity /
- Wuhan /
- Urbanization /
- Climate characteristics /
- Long-term trend
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图 6 1961~2015年武汉城市(a)春季、(b)夏季、(c)秋季、(d)冬季RH的距平序列(红色直线表示线性趋势,蓝色虚线表示零线)
Figure 6. Time series of RH anomalies (black curves) in urban area of Wuhan averaged in the (a) spring, (b) summer, (c) autumn, and (d) winter and their linear trends (red lines) from 1961 to 2015 (blue lines denote the zero line)
表 1 武汉城市站站点信息
Table 1. Information of urban stations in Wuhan
站点(站号) 站点位置 观测场海拔高度/m 1960年后迁站次数 迁站年月 经度 纬度 武汉(57494) 114°03'E 30°36'N 23.6 2 1994年4月 2010年1月 江夏(57493) 114°20'E 30°20'N 73.5 1 2006年1月 蔡甸(57489) 114°00'E 30°35'N 38.4 1 1965年4月 新洲(57492) 114°50'E 30°50'N 40.7 3 1976年9月 1995年1月 2014年1月 表 2 各站检测出的人为不连续点及其对应的迁站时间、订正次数和订正值
Table 2. Detected man-made discontinuities in the RH series for each station, and corresponding relocation time and numbers of revision and revised values
站点 t检验断点年份 M-K检验断点年份 对应迁站时间 订正次数 订正值 武汉 无 2013年*、1969年 2010年1月 1 8.60% 江夏 1965年、1975年、2007年* 1983年 2006年1月 1 -1.13% 蔡甸 无 1993年 无 0 无 新洲 1965年、1975年*、2010年 1985年 1976年9月 1 -5.34% *表示合理断点年份。 表 3 1961~2015年不同时间段武汉城市四季RH均值
Table 3. Seasonal mean RH at urban stations in Wuhan during different periods of 1961-2015
年份 RH均值 春季 夏季 秋季 冬季 1961~1989年 80.94% 80.45% 79.39% 77.28% 1990~2015年 76.88% 80.62% 77.16% 76.64% 1961~2015年 79.10% 80.53% 78.34% 76.98% 表 4 1961~2015年和1990~2015年武汉城市四季及年平均RH距平变化趋势
Table 4. Changing trends of annual and seasonal mean RH in urban area of Wuhan for the periods 1961-2015 and 1990-2015
RH距平变化趋势/% (10 a)-1 年 春季 夏季 秋季 冬季 1961~2015年 -0.83 -1.41 0.21 -0.54 -0.51 1990~2015年 -1.61 -2.46 -1.14 -1.44 -1.38 注:均通过了0.01的显著性检验。 表 5 武汉市RH长期变化趋势不同研究结果之间的对比
Table 5. Comparison of different research results of long-term trends of RH in Wuhan
参考文献 研究时段 研究区域/站点 有无非均一化检验与订正 气候倾向率/%(10 a)−1 年 春 夏 秋 冬 李灿和陈正洪(2010) 1951~2007年 武汉市 无 −1.25* 无 无 无 无 曹小雪(2012) 1961~2012年 武汉站 无 −1.36* −2.32* −1.05* −1.41* −0.57 本文 1961~2015年 武汉城市(武汉站、江夏站、蔡甸站、新洲站) 有 −0.83*(注:1990~2015年:−1.61*) −1.41* 0.21* −0.54* −0.51* *代表通过0.001的显著性检验。 -
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