武汉城市相对湿度气候学特征与长期变化趋势

索南看卓; 任国玉; 贾文茜; 孙秀宝

doi:10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.17122

武汉城市相对湿度气候学特征与长期变化趋势

doi: 10.3878/j.issn.1006-9585.2017.17122

索南看卓^1,,
任国玉^{1, 2, ,},
贾文茜¹,
孙秀宝³

1.
中国地质大学(武汉)大气科学系, 武汉 430070
2.
中国气象局国家气候中心气候研究开放实验室, 北京 100081
3.
南京信息工程大学大气科学学院, 南京 210044

基金项目:

国家自然科学基金项目 41575003

详细信息

作者简介:
索南看卓, 女, 1993年出生, 硕士研究生, 主要从事城市气候研究。E-mail: 1138223859@qq.com

通讯作者:
任国玉, E-mail: guoyoo@cma.gov.cn

中图分类号: P463.3
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- 文章访问数: 1660
- HTML全文浏览量: 60
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- 被引次数: 0
出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2017-08-14
- 网络出版日期: 2017-11-16
- 刊出日期: 2018-11-20

Climatological Characteristics and Long-Term Trend of Relative Humidity in Wuhan

1.
Department of Atmospheric Sciences, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430070
2.
Laboratory for Climate Studies, China Meteorological Administration, National Climate Center, Beijing 100081
3.
College of Atmospheric Science, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044

Funds:

National Natural Science Foundation of China 41575003

摘要

摘要: 在对相对湿度(RH)序列进行均一性检验和订正的基础上，分析了武汉4个城市站RH的气候学特征和长期变化趋势。结果表明：(1)迁站对RH序列引起较大非均一性偏差，其中武汉站2010年迁站引起的偏差达到8%；(2)城区年平均RH较高，介于75%~85%，武汉站最高；(3)每年1~6月城区RH逐渐增加，6月达到峰值，之后缓慢减少，但季节内变化一般很小，月际间差异仅有0.1%~2.5%，存在夏季RH最高，春、秋次之，冬季最低的季节性特征；(4)武汉城市区域1961~2015年平均RH总体呈长期减少趋势，线性变化趋势-0.81%/10 a，20世纪90年代之后下降趋势加剧；(5)近55年城区春、秋、冬3个季节平均RH均呈不同程度的下降，以春季最为明显，夏季存在较为显著的上升趋势，但1991后年及四季均呈现显著的下降趋势。
- 相对湿度 /
- 资料非均一性 /
- 武汉 /
- 城市化 /
- 气候特征 /
- 长期趋势
Abstract: Based on the homogeneity test and correction of the relative humidity series, climatological characteristics and long-term trend of relative humidity in the urban area of Wuhan are analyzed. The results showed that:(1) The non-homogeneity deviation caused by relocated stations in the relative humidity series is prodigious, and the deviation caused by relocation of Wuhan station in 2010 is 8%. (2) Annual average relative humidity in the urban area of Wuhan remains high, and the values vary between 75%-85% with the highest value occurring at Wuhan station. (3) The relative humidity gradually increases from January to June, and then begins to decrease slowly after reaching its peak value in June. Monthly differences are pretty small with the values within 0.1%-2.5%. Seasonal characteristics of relative humidity in the urban area of Wuhan show that the RH is the highest in the summer and lowest in the winter during the whole year. (4) From 1961 to 2015, the average relative humidity in the urban area of Wuhan urban area exhibited a long-term decreasing trend, and the linear trend was accelerated after the 1990s. (5) In the past 55 years, time series of average relative humidity in the spring, autumn, and winter all show declining trends in varied degrees, of which the trend in the spring is more obvious, and a significant rising trend is found in the summer. However, the annual and seasonal means are showing a significant downward trend after 1991.
- Relative humidity /
- Data non-uniformity /
- Wuhan /
- Urbanization /
- Climate characteristics /
- Long-term trend

HTML全文

图 1 2016年7月28日武汉地区地表亮度温度分布(单位：℃)

Figure 1. Land surface brightness temperature (℃) distribution in Wuhan area in 28 July 2016

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 2 武汉各城市站的迁站过程(等值线：地表亮度温度，单位：℃，等值线间隔：0.5 ℃)

Figure 2. Relocation processes of each urban station in Wuhan area (contour stands for land surface brightness temperature, units: ℃, isoline interval: 0.5 ℃)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 3 1961~2015年武汉城市各月RH均值

Figure 3. Monthly mean RH (Relative Humidity) in urban area of Wuhan during 1961-2015

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 5 1961~2015年(a)武汉城市RH距平序列和(b)武汉城市各站RH距平百分率年代序列

Figure 5. Time series of (a) RH anomaly in urban area of Wuhan and (b) percentage RH anomaly series at four urban stations in Wuhan from 1961 to 2015

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

图 6 1961~2015年武汉城市(a)春季、(b)夏季、(c)秋季、(d)冬季RH的距平序列(红色直线表示线性趋势，蓝色虚线表示零线)

Figure 6. Time series of RH anomalies (black curves) in urban area of Wuhan averaged in the (a) spring, (b) summer, (c) autumn, and (d) winter and their linear trends (red lines) from 1961 to 2015 (blue lines denote the zero line)

下载: 全尺寸图片幻灯片

表 1 武汉城市站站点信息

Table 1. Information of urban stations in Wuhan

站点(站号)	站点位置		观测场海拔高度/m	1960年后迁站次数	迁站年月
站点(站号)	经度	纬度	观测场海拔高度/m	1960年后迁站次数	迁站年月
武汉(57494)	114°03'E	30°36'N	23.6	2	1994年4月
					2010年1月
江夏(57493)	114°20'E	30°20'N	73.5	1	2006年1月
蔡甸(57489)	114°00'E	30°35'N	38.4	1	1965年4月
新洲(57492)	114°50'E	30°50'N	40.7	3	1976年9月
					1995年1月
					2014年1月

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表 2 各站检测出的人为不连续点及其对应的迁站时间、订正次数和订正值

Table 2. Detected man-made discontinuities in the RH series for each station, and corresponding relocation time and numbers of revision and revised values

站点	t检验断点年份	M-K检验断点年份	对应迁站时间	订正次数	订正值
武汉	无	2013年^*、1969年	2010年1月	1	8.60%
江夏	1965年、1975年、2007年^*	1983年	2006年1月	1	-1.13%
蔡甸	无	1993年	无	0	无
新洲	1965年、1975年^*、2010年	1985年	1976年9月	1	-5.34%
^*表示合理断点年份。

下载: 导出CSV

表 3 1961~2015年不同时间段武汉城市四季RH均值

Table 3. Seasonal mean RH at urban stations in Wuhan during different periods of 1961-2015

年份	RH均值
年份	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
1961~1989年	80.94%	80.45%	79.39%	77.28%
1990~2015年	76.88%	80.62%	77.16%	76.64%
1961~2015年	79.10%	80.53%	78.34%	76.98%

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表 4 1961~2015年和1990~2015年武汉城市四季及年平均RH距平变化趋势

Table 4. Changing trends of annual and seasonal mean RH in urban area of Wuhan for the periods 1961-2015 and 1990-2015

	RH距平变化趋势/% (10 a)^-1
	年	春季	夏季	秋季	冬季
1961~2015年	-0.83	-1.41	0.21	-0.54	-0.51
1990~2015年	-1.61	-2.46	-1.14	-1.44	-1.38
注：均通过了0.01的显著性检验。

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表 5 武汉市RH长期变化趋势不同研究结果之间的对比

Table 5. Comparison of different research results of long-term trends of RH in Wuhan

参考文献	研究时段	研究区域/站点	有无非均一化检验与订正	气候倾向率/%(10 a)⁻¹
参考文献	研究时段	研究区域/站点	有无非均一化检验与订正	年	春	夏	秋	冬
李灿和陈正洪(2010)	1951~2007年	武汉市	无	−1.25^*	无	无	无	无
曹小雪(2012)	1961~2012年	武汉站	无	−1.36^*	−2.32^*	−1.05^*	−1.41^*	−0.57
本文	1961~2015年	武汉城市(武汉站、江夏站、蔡甸站、新洲站)	有	−0.83^(注：1990~2015年：−1.61^)	−1.41^*	0.21^*	−0.54^*	−0.51^*
^*代表通过0.001的显著性检验。

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